Chapter 34

Ayodhya Kanda - Book Of Ayodhya

VERSE 1

ततःकमलपत्राक्षः श्यामो निरुपमो महान्
उवाच रामस्तम् सूतं पितुराख्याहि मामिति

tataḥkamalapatrākṣaḥ śyāmo nirupamo mahān
uvāca rāmastam sūtaṃ piturākhyāhi māmiti

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: thereafter | rāmaḥ: Rama | kamalapatrākṣaḥ: having eyes resembling lotus leaves | śyāmaḥ: the dark-brown | mahān: the mighty man | nirupamaḥ: beyond compare | uvāca: spoke | tam sūtam: to that charioteer | iti: thus | ākhyāhi: "Tell | mām: about me | pituḥ: to father. |

TRANSLATION

Thereafter, the lotus-eyes Rama, who was dark-brown in complexion and great beyond compare, spoke thus to the charioteer, "Tell about me to my father."

VERSE 2

स राम प्रेषितः क्षिप्रम् सम्ताप कलुष इन्द्रियः
प्रविश्य नृपतिम् सूतः निह्श्वसन्तम् ददर्श ह

sa rāma preṣitaḥ kṣipram samtāpa kaluṣa indriyaḥ
praviśya nṛpatim sūtaḥ nihśvasantam dadarśa ha

SYNONYMS

saḥ sūtaḥ: that charioteer | santāparkaluṣendriyaḥ: with his senses disturbed by grief | rāma preṣitaḥ: having been sent by Rama | kṣipram: quickly | praviśya: entered | dadarśa ha: and saw | nṛpatim: the king | niḥśvasantam: heaving sighs. |

TRANSLATION

Quickly entering inside, when sent by Rama, the charioteer saw the king having sighs, his senses disturbed by grief.

VERSE 3

उपरक्तमिवादित्यं भस्मच्छन्नमिवानलम्
तटाकमिव निस्तोयमपश्यज्जगतीपतिम्

uparaktamivādityaṃ bhasmacchannamivānalam
taṭākamiva nistoyamapaśyajjagatīpatim

SYNONYMS

apaśyat: (he) saw | jagatīpatim: the king | ādityam iva: resembling a sun | uparaktam: eclipsed | analam iva: like fire | bhasmacchannam: covered by ash | tatākam iva: as a lake | nistoyam: without water. |

TRANSLATION

He saw the king resembling an eclipsed sun, like fire covered by ash, as a lake without water.

VERSE 4

आलोक्य तु महा प्राज्ञः परम आकुल चेतसम्
रामम् एव अनुशोचन्तम् सूतः प्रान्जलिर् आसदत्

ālokya tu mahā prājñaḥ parama ākula cetasam
rāmam eva anuśocantam sūtaḥ prānjalir āsadat

SYNONYMS

sūtaḥ: the charioteer | mahāprāñaḥ: a great intellectual | ālokyatu: saw | anuśocantam: the repenting | varamākula cetasam: mind greatly agitated | āsadat: approached | prāṅjalaiḥ: with joined pams. |

TRANSLATION

The charioteer, a great intellectual, saw Dasaratha repenting with his mind greatly agitated and approached him with joined palms.

VERSE 5

तम् वर्धयित्वा राजानम् सूतः पूर्वम् जयाशिषा
भयविक्लबया वाचा मन्दया श्लक्ष्णमब्रवीत्

tam vardhayitvā rājānam sūtaḥ pūrvam jayāśiṣā
bhayaviklabayā vācā mandayā ślakṣṇamabravīt

SYNONYMS

sūtaḥ: the charioteer | pūrvam: first | vardhayitvā: inspiring | tam rājānam: the king | jayāśiṣā: with blessings of triumph | abravīt: spoke | mandayā: in slow | ślakṣṇam: and sweet | vacā: words | bhaya viklabayā: overcome with fear. |

TRANSLATION

The charioteer, first inspiring the king with blessings of triumph, spoke thus in a slow and sweet voice, overcome with fear.

VERSE 6

अयम् स पुरुष व्याघ्र द्वारि तिष्ठति ते सुतः
ब्राह्मणेभ्यो धनम् दत्त्वा सर्वम् चैव उपजीविनाम्

ayam sa puruṣa vyāghra dvāri tiṣṭhati te sutaḥ
brāhmaṇebhyo dhanam dattvā sarvam caiva upajīvinām

SYNONYMS

te sutaḥ: your son | puruṣavyāghraḥ: tiger among men | saḥ ayam: as such | dattvā: having given away | sarvam: all | dhanam: wealth | brāhmaṇebhyaḥ: to brahmanas | upajīvināmcaiva: and dependents | tiṣṭati: is standing | dvāri: at the gate. |

TRANSLATION

"Your son, the tiger among men, having given away all his wealth to brahmanas and dependents, is waiting at the gate."

VERSE 7

स त्वा पश्यतु भद्रम् ते रामः सत्य पराक्रमः
सर्वान् सुहृदाअपृच्च्य त्वाम् इदानीम् दिदृक्षते

sa tvā paśyatu bhadram te rāmaḥ satya parākramaḥ
sarvān suhṛdāapṛccya tvām idānīm didṛkṣate

SYNONYMS

bhadram: auspiciousness | te: to you! saH raamaH = (let) that Rama | satya parākramaḥ: who is truly brave | paśyatu: see | tvā: you | āpṛcchya: after bidding farewell | sarvam suhṛdaḥ: to all friends | didṛkṣate: (he) wants to see | tvām: you | idānīm: now. |

TRANSLATION

"May auspiciousness betide you! Let that Rama, who is unfailingly brave, see you. After bidding farewell to all friends, he wants to see you now."

VERSE 8

गमिष्यति महा अरण्यम् तम् पश्य जगती पते
वृतम् राज गुणैः सर्वैः आदित्यम् इव रश्मिभिः

gamiṣyati mahā araṇyam tam paśya jagatī pate
vṛtam rāja guṇaiḥ sarvaiḥ ādityam iva raśmibhiḥ

SYNONYMS

jagatīpate: Oh | king! gamiṣyati: (He) is seeting out | mahāraṇyam: to a great forest | paśya: see | tam: that Rama | ādityamiva: who is like sun | raśmibhiḥ: with rays of light | vṛtam: displaying | rājaguṇaiḥ: royal qualities. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, king! Rama is setting out to a great forest. See him who is resembling a sun with rays of light, displaying royal qualities."

VERSE 9

स सत्य वादी धर्म आत्मा गाम्भीर्यात् सागर उपमः
आकाशैव निष्पन्को नर इन्द्रः प्रत्युवाच तम्

sa satya vādī dharma ātmā gāmbhīryāt sāgara upamaḥ
ākāśaiva niṣpanko nara indraḥ pratyuvāca tam

SYNONYMS

saḥ narendraḥ: that king Dasaratha | satya vādī: who speaks truth | dharmātmā: a virtuous man | sāgaropamaḥ: who is like an ocean | gāmbhīryāt: by his depth of character | niṣpaṇkaḥ: who is blemish-less | ākāśa iva: like a sky | pratyuvāca: replied | tam: to him(thus). |

TRANSLATION

That king Dasaratha, who speaks truth, whose mind is virtuous, who is like an ocean by his depth of character and who is blemish less like a sky, replied to Sumantra as follows:

VERSE 10

सुमन्त्र आनय मे दारान् ये केचित् इह मामकाः
दारैः परिवृतः सर्वैः द्रष्टुम् इच्चामि राघवम्

sumantra ānaya me dārān ye kecit iha māmakāḥ
dāraiḥ parivṛtaḥ sarvaiḥ draṣṭum iccāmi rāghavam

SYNONYMS

sumantra: Oh | ṣumantra! ye kacit: whoever | māmakāḥ: my wives | iha: are here | anaya: bring | me dārān: such of my wives | parivṛtaḥ: surrounded by | sarvaiḥ: all | dāraiḥ: wives | icchāmi: I want | draṣṭum: to see | dhārmikam: the virtuous Rama. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, Sumantra! being all my wives, who are here. Surrounded by all of them, I want to see the virtuous Rama."

VERSE 11

सो अन्तः पुरम् अतीत्य एव स्त्रियः ता वाक्यम् अब्रवीत्
आर्यो ह्वयति वो राजा गम्यताम् तत्र माचिरम्

so antaḥ puram atītya eva striyaḥ tā vākyam abravīt
āryo hvayati vo rājā gamyatām tatra māciram

SYNONYMS

saḥ: He | atītyaiva: after entering | antaḥ puram: the gynaecium | abravīt: spoke | vākyam: (these) words | tāḥ striyaḥ: to those women | āryāḥ: "Oh | the venerable ladies! rājā: the king | hvayati: is calling | vaḥ: you | gamyatām: go | tatra: there | mā ciram: without delay. |

TRANSLATION

Sumantra, after entering the gynaecium, spoke these words to those women as follows: "Oh, the venerable ladies! The king is calling you. Go there without delay.

VERSE 12

एवम् उक्ताः स्त्रियः सर्वाः सुमन्त्रेण नृप आज्ञया
प्रचक्रमुस् तत् भवनम् भर्तुर् आज्ञाय शासनम्

evam uktāḥ striyaḥ sarvāḥ sumantreṇa nṛpa ājñayā
pracakramus tat bhavanam bhartur ājñāya śāsanam

SYNONYMS

sarvāḥ: all | stiyaḥ: women | uktāḥ: spoken | evam: thus | sumantreṇa: by Sumantra | nṛpāñayā: as per king's orders | pracakramaḥ: moved | tadbhavanam: to his house | āñāya: after knowing | śāsanam: the instruction | bhartuḥ: of their husband. |

TRANSLATION

All those women, asked thus by Sumantra as per the king's orders, went to his palace, after knowing the instructions of their husband.

VERSE 13

अर्ध सप्त शताः ताः तु प्रमदाः ताम्र लोचनाः
कौसल्याम् परिवार्य अथ शनैः जग्मुर् धृत व्रताः

ardha sapta śatāḥ tāḥ tu pramadāḥ tāmra locanāḥ
kausalyām parivārya atha śanaiḥ jagmur dhṛta vratāḥ

SYNONYMS

atha: thereafter | tāḥ: those | ardha sapta śatāḥ: three hundred and fifty | pramadāḥ: women | dhṛtavratāḥ: steadfast in their vow (of devotion to their husband) | tāmra locanāḥ: having red eyes | parivārya: encircling | kausalyām: Kausaly | jagmuḥ: went | śanaiḥ: slowly. |

TRANSLATION

Encircling Kausalya, three hundred fifty women, steadfast in their vow(of devotion to their husband), with their eyes reddened, went there slowly.

VERSE 14

आगतेषु च दारेषु समवेक्ष्य मही पतिः
उवाच राजा तम् सूतम् सुमन्त्र आनय मे सुतम्

āgateṣu ca dāreṣu samavekṣya mahī patiḥ
uvāca rājā tam sūtam sumantra ānaya me sutam

SYNONYMS

āgateṣu: after arrival | dāreṣu: of wives | rājā: Dasaratha | mahīpatih: the lord of the earth | samavekṣya: looked | tam sūtam: towards that chariorteer | uvāca: and spoke(thus) | sumantra: Oh | ṣumantra! ānaya: bring | me sutam: my son. |

TRANSLATION

After arrival of his wives, king Dasaratha spoke to that charioteer as follows, "Oh, Sumantra! Bring my son here."

VERSE 15

स सूतः रामम् आदाय लक्ष्मणम् मैथिलीम् तदा
जगाम अभिमुखः तूर्णम् सकाशम् जगती पतेः

sa sūtaḥ rāmam ādāya lakṣmaṇam maithilīm tadā
jagāma abhimukhaḥ tūrṇam sakāśam jagatī pateḥ

SYNONYMS

tadā: then | saḥ sūtah: that charioteer | ādāya: took | rāmam: Rama | lakṣmaṇam: Lakshmana | maithilīm: and Seetha | tūrṇam: speedily | jagāma: went | abhimukhaḥ: towards | jagatīpataḥ: the king's sakaasham = presence. |

TRANSLATION

Taking Rama, Lakshmana and Seetha, that charioteer then speedily went to the king's presence.

VERSE 16

स राजा पुत्रम् आयान्तम् दृष्ट्वा दूरात् कृत अन्जलिम्
उत्पपात आसनात् तूर्णम् आर्तः स्त्री जन सम्वृतः

sa rājā putram āyāntam dṛṣṭvā dūrāt kṛta anjalim
utpapāta āsanāt tūrṇam ārtaḥ strī jana samvṛtaḥ

SYNONYMS

saḥ rājā: that king | strījana samvṛtaḥ: surrounded by women | dṛṣṭvā: seeing | durāt: from a distance | putram: his son | ayāntam: coming | kṛtāṇjalim: with folded hands | ārtaḥ: being distressed | utpapāta: rose | āsanāt: from his seat | tūrṇam: swiftly. |

TRANSLATION

King Dasaratha surrounded by women, seeing from a distance his son coming with folded hands, distressed as he was, rose swiftly from his seat.

VERSE 17

सो अभिदुद्राव वेगेन रामम् दृष्ट्वा विशाम् पतिः
तम् असम्प्राप्य दुह्ख आर्तः पपात भुवि मूर्चितः

so abhidudrāva vegena rāmam dṛṣṭvā viśām patiḥ
tam asamprāpya duhkha ārtaḥ papāta bhuvi mūrcitaḥ

SYNONYMS

dṛṣṭvā: seeing | rāmam: Rama | saḥ: Dasaratha | viśāmpatiḥ: the ruler of people | abhidadrāva: ran towards him | vegena: speedily | asamprāpya: without reaching | tam: him | papāta: fell | bhuvi: on the floor | mūrchitaḥ: senseless | duḥkhārtaḥ: afflicted with sorrow. |

TRANSLATION

Seeing Rama, King Dasaratha ran speedily towards him. But without reaching him he fell on the floor senseless, afflicted as he was with sorrow.

VERSE 18

तम् रामः अभ्यपातत् क्षिप्रम् लक्ष्मणः च महा रथः
विसम्ज्ञम् इव दुह्खेन सशोकम् नृपतिम् तदा

tam rāmaḥ abhyapātat kṣipram lakṣmaṇaḥ ca mahā rathaḥ
visamjñam iva duhkhena saśokam nṛpatim tadā

SYNONYMS

tadā: tehn | rāmaḥ: Rama | lakṣmaṇaśce: and Lakshmana | mahārathaḥ: an eminent car-warrior | kṣipram: quickly | abhyapatat: approached | tam nṛpatim: that king | visamñam iva: who seemed senseless | duḥkhena: with grief | saśokam: through agony. |

TRANSLATION

Then, Rama and Lakshmana an eminent car-warrior, quickly approached that king who seemed unconscious with full of grief as he was, through agony.

VERSE 19

स्त्री सहस्र निनादः च सम्जज्ञे राज वेश्मनि
हाहा राम इति सहसा भूषण ध्वनि मूर्चितः

strī sahasra ninādaḥ ca samjajñe rāja veśmani
hāhā rāma iti sahasā bhūṣaṇa dhvani mūrcitaḥ

SYNONYMS

samjañe: generated | sahasā: all at once | rājaveśmani: from the royal palace | strīsahasraninādaśca: sound of thousands of women crying | hā hā rāma iti: "Alas! Alas! Oh Rama !" bhuushhaNa dhvanimuurchhitaH = mixed with the sound of tinkling of ornaments. |

TRANSLATION

Sounds of thousands of women crying "Alas! Alas! Oh Rama!" generated all at once from the royal palace, mixed with the sound of tinkling ornaments.

VERSE 20

तम् परिष्वज्य बाहुभ्याम् ताव् उभौ राम लक्ष्मणौ
पर्यन्के सीतया सार्धम् रुदन्तः समवेशयन्

tam pariṣvajya bāhubhyām tāv ubhau rāma lakṣmaṇau
paryanke sītayā sārdham rudantaḥ samaveśayan

SYNONYMS

tau: those | ubhau: both | rāmalakṣmaṇau: Rama and Lakshmana | sītayā sārdham: along with Seetha | pariṣvajya: held | tam: Dasaratha | bāhubhyām: in their arms | rudanta: and crying | samaveśayan: laid him | paryaṇke: in the couch. |

TRANSLATION

Holding Dasaratha in their arms and crying, both Rama and Lakshmana along with Seetha laid him on the couch.

VERSE 21

अथ रामः मुहूर्तेन लब्ध सम्ज्ञम् मही पतिम्
उवाच प्रान्जलिर् भूत्वा शोक अर्णव परिप्लुतम्

atha rāmaḥ muhūrtena labdha samjñam mahī patim
uvāca prānjalir bhūtvā śoka arṇava pariplutam

SYNONYMS

atha: thereafter | rāmaḥ: Rama | bhūtvā: becoming | praṇjaliḥ: one with folded hands | uvāca: spoke(as follows) mahiipatim = to king Dasaratha | labdha samñam: who got consciousness | muhūrtena: within a short time | śokārṇava pariplutam: imundated in a sea of sorrow. |

TRANSLATION

Then, Rama with folded hands spoke thus to king Dasaratha who got consciousness within a short time and who was inundated in a sea of sorrow.

VERSE 22

आपृच्चे त्वाम् महा राज सर्वेषाम् ईश्वरः असि नः
प्रस्थितम् दण्डक अरण्यम् पश्य त्वम् कुशलेन माम्

āpṛcce tvām mahā rāja sarveṣām īśvaraḥ asi naḥ
prasthitam daṇḍaka araṇyam paśya tvam kuśalena mām

SYNONYMS

mahāra: Oh Emperor! aapR^ichchhe = I am seaking permission | tvām: from you | asi: you are | īśvaraḥ: the lord | sarveṣām: to all | naḥ: of us | tvam: you | paśya: see | kuśalena: auspiciously | mām: towards me | prasthitaḥ: setting out | daṇdakāraṇyam: to the forest of Dandaka. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, emperor! I take leave of you, who are the lord of all of us. See auspiciously towards me, who am about to leave for Dandaka forest."

VERSE 23

लक्ष्मणम् च अनुजानीहि सीता च अन्वेति माम् वनम्
कारणैः बहुभिस् तथ्यैः वार्यमाणौ न च इच्चतः

lakṣmaṇam ca anujānīhi sītā ca anveti mām vanam
kāraṇaiḥ bahubhis tathyaiḥ vāryamāṇau na ca iccataḥ

SYNONYMS

anujānīhi: permit | lakṣmaṇamca: Lakshmana also | sītāca: Seetha too | anveti: is accompanying | mām: me | vanam: to the forest | vāryamāṇau: even if prevented | bahubhiḥ: by many | tathyaiḥ: true | kāranaiḥ: reasons | nacaicchataḥ: these two are not agreeing. |

TRANSLATION

"Permit Lakshmana also and Seetha too who is accompanying me to the forest. Even if prevented(by me0 on many true reasons, these two are not agreeing to stay behind"

VERSE 24

अनुजानीहि सर्वान् नः शोकम् उत्सृज्य मानद
लक्ष्मणम् माम् च सीताम् च प्रजापतिर् इव प्रजाः

anujānīhi sarvān naḥ śokam utsṛjya mānada
lakṣmaṇam mām ca sītām ca prajāpatir iva prajāḥ

SYNONYMS

utsṛjya: giving up | śokam: grief | mānada: Oh | the bestover of honour! anujānīhi: grant leave | sarvān: to all | naḥ: of us | lakṣmaṇam: Lakshmana | māmeha: myself | sitāmca: and Seetha | prajāḥ iva: as to his sons | prajāpatiḥ: Brahma. |

TRANSLATION

"Giving up grief, Oh the bestower of honour, grant leave to all of us, Lakshmana myself and Seetha as Brahma(the lord of creation) did to his sons(sanaka and his three brothers who intended to go to forest for practising austerities)."

VERSE 25

प्रतीक्षमाणम् अव्यग्रम् अनुज्ञाम् जगती पतेः
उवाच रर्जा सम्प्रेक्ष्य वन वासाय राघवम्

pratīkṣamāṇam avyagram anujñām jagatī pateḥ
uvāca rarjā samprekṣya vana vāsāya rāghavam

SYNONYMS

samprekṣya: gazing | rāghavam: at Rama | avyagram: who is unruffled | pratīkṣamāṇam: awaiting | anuñyām: permission | jagatīpateḥ: of the king | vanavāsāya: stay in the forest | rājā: the king Dasaratha | uvāca: spoke(thus). |

TRANSLATION

Gazing at Rama who is unruffled, awaiting permission of the king for stay in the forest, the king Dasaratha spoke thus:

VERSE 26

अहम् राघव कैकेय्या वर दानेन मोहितः
अयोध्यायाः त्वम् एव अद्य भव राजा निगृह्य माम्

aham rāghava kaikeyyā vara dānena mohitaḥ
ayodhyāyāḥ tvam eva adya bhava rājā nigṛhya mām

SYNONYMS

rāghava: Oh | ṟama! aham: I | mohitaḥ: was stupefied | kaikeyyā: by Kaikeyi | varadānena: through a boon | adya: now | nigṛhya: by confirning | mām: me | tvameva: you alone | bhava: be | rājā: the king | ayodhyāyāḥ: of Ayodhya. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, Rama! I was stupefied by Kaikeyi through a boon. Now, by confining me, be you the king of Ayodhya."

VERSE 27

एवम् उक्तः नृपतिना रामः धर्मभृताम् वरः
प्रत्युवाच अन्जलिम् कृत्वा पितरम् वाक्य कोविदः

evam uktaḥ nṛpatinā rāmaḥ dharmabhṛtām varaḥ
pratyuvāca anjalim kṛtvā pitaram vākya kovidaḥ

SYNONYMS

rāmaḥ: Rama | varaḥ: the best man | dharma bhṛtām: in supporting righteousness | vākyakovidaḥ: who is proficient in speech | uktaḥ: after being spoken | evam: thus | nṛpatinā: by the king | pratyuvāca: replied | pitaram: to his father | aṇjalim kṛtvā: after making salutation with joined palms. |

TRANSLATION

When told thus by the king, Rama the best man in supporting righteousness and who is proficient in expression, replied( as follows) to his father, after making salutation with joined palms.

VERSE 28

भवान् वर्ष सहस्राय पृथिव्या नृपते पतिः
अहम् तु अरण्ये वत्स्यामि न मे कार्यम् त्वया अनृतम्

bhavān varṣa sahasrāya pṛthivyā nṛpate patiḥ
aham tu araṇye vatsyāmi na me kāryam tvayā anṛtam

SYNONYMS

nṛpate: Oh | k͟hing! bhavān: you be | patiḥ: the lord | pṛthivyāḥ: of the earth | varṣasahasrāya: for thousand years | aham tu: but I | vatsyāmi: shall stay arNye = in the forest | me: for me | na kāryam: do not make | anṛtam: untruth | tvayā: of you. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, king! You be the ruler of the earth for thousand years. But, I for my part, will stay in the forest. For my sake, do not generate untruth about you."

VERSE 29

नव पञ्च च वर्षाणि वनवासे विहृत्य ते
पुनः पादौ ग्रहीष्यामि प्रतिज्ञान्ते नराधिपः

nava pañca ca varṣāṇi vanavāse vihṛtya te
punaḥ pādau grahīṣyāmi pratijñānte narādhipaḥ

SYNONYMS

narādhipa: Oh | ruler of men! vihṛtya: having strolled | vanavāse: in the forest | nava paṇcāca: for fourteen | vaṣāni: years | pratiñānte: after fulfillingthe promise | grahiṣyāmi: I shall clasp | te: your | pādau: feet | punaḥ: once more. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, ruler of men! Having strolled in the forest for fourteen years, I shall clasp your feet once more after fulfilling my promise."

VERSE 30

रुदन्नाह प्रियम् पुत्रं सत्यपाशेन संयतः
कैकेय्या चोद्यमान्स्तु मिथो राजा तमब्रवीत्

rudannāha priyam putraṃ satyapāśena saṃyataḥ
kaikeyyā codyamānstu mitho rājā tamabravīt

SYNONYMS

codyamānastu: prompted | mithaḥ: secretly | kaikeyyā: by Kaikeyi | ārtaḥ: the distressed | rājā: king | samyataḥ: tied up | sata pāśena: by fetters of truth | abravīt: said | rudan: weeping | tam: to that | priyam putram: beloved son. |

TRANSLATION

Prompted secretly by kaikeyi, the distressed king, tied up by fetters of truth, said weeping to that beloved son.

VERSE 31

श्रेयसे वृद्धये तात पुनर् आगमनाय च
गच्चस्व अरिष्टम् अव्यग्रः पन्थानम् अकुतः भयम्

śreyase vṛddhaye tāta punar āgamanāya ca
gaccasva ariṣṭam avyagraḥ panthānam akutaḥ bhayam

SYNONYMS

tāta: Oh | darling! gacchasva: proceed | śreyase: for welfare | vṛddhaye: for advancement | punaḥāgamanāyaca: and for coming again | panthānam: let your path | ariṣṭam: be auspicious | avyagram: undistracted | akutobhayam: and fearless from any quarter. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, darling! Proceed for welfare, for advancement and for coming again. Let your path of travel be auspicious, undistracted and fearless from any quarter."

VERSE 32

न हि सत्यात्मनस्तात धर्माभिमनसस्तव
विनिवर्त यितुं बुद्धि शक्यते रघुनन्दन

na hi satyātmanastāta dharmābhimanasastava
vinivarta yituṃ buddhi śakyate raghunandana

SYNONYMS

tāta: Oh | darling! raghunandana: Oh | the seion of ṟaghu! satyātmanaḥ: your mind being given to righteousness | tava: your | buddhiḥ: decision | na śakya hi: cannot be | vinivartayitum: reversed. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, darling, the seion of Raghu! Truthful as you are by nature and your mind being given to righteousness, your decision cannot be reversed."

VERSE 33

अद्य तु इदानीम् रजनीम् पुत्र मा गच्च सर्वथा
मातरम् माम् च सम्पश्यन् वस इमाम् अद्य शर्वरीम्

adya tu idānīm rajanīm putra mā gacca sarvathā
mātaram mām ca sampaśyan vasa imām adya śarvarīm

SYNONYMS

putra: Oh | son! adya: today | idānīm: now | rajanīm: night | mā gaccha: do not go | sarvathā: by all means | ekāha darśaenāpi: even by seeing for one day | aham: I | carāmitāvat: may live | sādhu: happily. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, son! Do not leave in any case today, now at night time. Even by seeing you for one day, I may live happily."

VERSE 34

मातरं माम् च सम्पश्यन् वसेमामद्य शर्वरीम्
तर्पितः सर्वकामैस्त्वम् स्वः काले साधयिष्यसि

mātaraṃ mām ca sampaśyan vasemāmadya śarvarīm
tarpitaḥ sarvakāmaistvam svaḥ kāle sādhayiṣyasi

SYNONYMS

sampaśyan: looking at maataram = your mother | māmca: and myself | vasa: stay | imām: this | śarvarīm: might | adya: today | tarpitaḥ: satiated | sarva kāmaiḥ: by all desired objecs | tvam: you | sādhayiṣyasi: may leave | śvaḥ: tommorrow | kāle: at dawn. |

TRANSLATION

"Looking at your mother and myself, stay at least for this night today. Satiated by all the desired objects, you may leave tomorrow at dawn."

VERSE 35

दुष्करम् क्रियते पुत्र सर्वथा राघव तया
मत्प्रियार्थम् प्रियांस्त्यक्त्वा यद्यासि विजनम् वनम्

duṣkaram kriyate putra sarvathā rāghava tayā
matpriyārtham priyāṃstyaktvā yadyāsi vijanam vanam

SYNONYMS

putra: Oh | rāghava: Rama! dushhkaram = an incorrigible thing | sarvathā: in every respect | kriyate: is being done | tvayā: by you | yat: since | mat priyārtham: for my pleasure | yāsi: you are going | vanam: to the forest | vijanam: a solitary place | tyaktvā: leaving | priyān: beloved ones. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh Rama, my son! An incorrigible thing is being done by you since for my pleasure you are going to the forest a solitary place, leaving beloved ones."

VERSE 36

न चैतन्मे प्रियम् पुत्र शपे सत्येन राघव
छन्नया छलितस्त्वस्नु स्त्रुया छन्नाग्निकल्पया

na caitanme priyam putra śape satyena rāghava
channayā chalitastvasnu struyā channāgnikalpayā

SYNONYMS

putra: Oh | rāghava: Rama! etat = this | naca: is not | priyam: agreeable | me: to me | śape: I swear | satyena: by my faith | asmi: I was | chalitaḥ: cheated | striyā: by the woman | channayā: who had concealed intentions | channāgni kalpayā: resembled fire covered with ashes. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh Rama my son! Your exile is not agreeable to me. I was cheated by Kaikeyi who had concealed intentions and resembled fire with ashes."

VERSE 37

पञ्चना या तु लब्धा मे तां त्वम् निस्तर्तुमिच्छसि
अनया वृत्तसादिन्या कैकेय्या।अभिप्रचोदितः

pañcanā yā tu labdhā me tāṃ tvam nistartumicchasi
anayā vṛttasādinyā kaikeyyā|abhipracoditaḥ

SYNONYMS

athipracoditaḥ: incited by | anayā: this | kaikeyyā: Kaikeyi | vṛttasādinyā: who has destroyed established customs | tvam: you | icchasi: wish | mistartum: to redeem | me: my | yāvaṇcanā: which deceit | tām: that | labdhā: was derived. |

TRANSLATION

Incited by Kaikeyi who has destroyed established customs, you wish to redeem my deceit, derived by me from her.

VERSE 38

न चैतदाश्चर्यतमम् यत्तज्ज्येष्ठस्सुतो मम
अपानृतकथम् पुत्र पितरम् कर्तुमिच्छ्सि

na caitadāścaryatamam yattajjyeṣṭhassuto mama
apānṛtakatham putra pitaram kartumicchsi

SYNONYMS

putra: Oh | son! jyeṣṭaḥ sutaḥ: as eldest son | mama: of min | ichasi iti yat: that which you wish | kartum: to make | pitaram: your father | apānṛtakatham: as on ewho does not have false promises | tat etat: this | na: is not aashcharyatamam = a great surprise. |

TRANSLATION

"It is not a great surprise, my son, that you my eldest son should seek to make your father as one who does not have false promises."

VERSE 39

अथ रामः तथा श्रुत्वा पितुर् आर्तस्य भाषितम्
लक्ष्मणेन सह भ्रात्रा दीनो वचनम् अब्रवीत्

atha rāmaḥ tathā śrutvā pitur ārtasya bhāṣitam
lakṣmaṇena saha bhrātrā dīno vacanam abravīt

SYNONYMS

atha: thereafter | rāmaḥ: Rama | bhrātā lakṣmaṇena saha: along with his brother lakshman | śrutvā: hearing | bhāṣitam: the words | pituḥ: of his father | tathā: thus | ārtasya: depressed | dīnaḥ: was upset | abravīt: spoke | vacanam: these words. |

TRANSLATION

After hearing these words of their father who was depressed, Rama and Lakshmana were upset. Then Rama spoke these words.

VERSE 40

प्राप्स्यामि यान् अद्य गुणान् को मे श्वस्तान् प्रदास्यति
अपक्रमणम् एव अतः सर्व कामैः अहम् वृणे

prāpsyāmi yān adya guṇān ko me śvastān pradāsyati
apakramaṇam eva ataḥ sarva kāmaiḥ aham vṛṇe

SYNONYMS

yān: which | guṇām: wordly pleasures praapsyaami = I can get | adya: today | tān: those | kaḥ: who | pradāsyati: will offer | me: to me | śvaḥ: tomorrow? ataH = therfore | aham: I | vṛṇe: desire | apakramaṇameva: only to get away | sarvaka: in lien of all enjoyments. |

TRANSLATION

Even if these worldly pleasures are obtained today, who will offer those things to me tomorrow? Therefore I desire only to get away in lieu of all these enjoyments.

VERSE 41

इयम् सराष्ट्रा सजना धन धान्य समाकुला
मया विसृष्टा वसुधा भरताय प्रदीयताम्

iyam sarāṣṭrā sajanā dhana dhānya samākulā
mayā visṛṣṭā vasudhā bharatāya pradīyatām

SYNONYMS

iyam: vasudhaa = this earth | visṛṣṭā: being relinquished | mayā: by me | sa rāṣṭrā: which includes various provinces | sajanā: filled with people | dhana dhānya samākulā: inbued with riches and foodgrains | pradīyatām: may be given | bharatāya: to Bharata. |

TRANSLATION

"This earth being relinquished by me; which included various provinces, filled with people, imbued with riches and food grains, may be given to Bharata."

VERSE 42

वनवासकृता बुद्धिर्न च मे।अद्य चलिष्यति
यस्तुष्टेन वरो दत्तः कैकेय्यै वरद त्वया

vanavāsakṛtā buddhirna ca me|adya caliṣyati
yastuṣṭena varo dattaḥ kaikeyyai varada tvayā

SYNONYMS

adya: now | nacaliṣayati: I cannot budge | me buddhiḥ: from my decision | vanavāsa kṛtā: made about my stay in the forest | pārthiva: Oh | varada: the bestower of boons! tvayaa = by you | tuṣṭena: who were pleased | dattaḥ: to give | yaḥ varaḥ: which boon | kaikeyyai: to Kaikeyi | dīyatām: let it be given | nikhilenaina: completely. |

TRANSLATION

"I cannot budge now from my decision made about my stay in the forest. Oh king the bestower of boons! You were pleased to give a boon to Kaikeyi and let it be fulfilled completely. Be you a truthful man."

VERSE 43

अहम् निदेशम् भवतो यथोक्तमनुपालयन्

aham nideśam bhavato yathoktamanupālayan

SYNONYMS

aham: I | yathoktam: as promised | anupālayan: fulfilling | bhavata: your | nideśam: command | vatsye: shall live | vane: in the forest | vanacaraiḥ saha: along with forest-dewellrs | caturdaśa: for fourteen | samāḥ: years. |

TRANSLATION

"I , as promised, fulfilling your command, shall live in the forest along with forest-dwellers for fourteen years."

VERSE 44

मा विमर्शो वसुमती भरताय प्रदीयताम्

mā vimarśo vasumatī bharatāya pradīyatām

SYNONYMS

45| mā: Oh | vimarśaḥ: hesitation | vasumatī pradīyatām: let the kingdom be given | bharatāya: to Bharata | raghunandana: Oh | king! me: to me | rājyam: either kingdom | sukhamvā: or happiness | nahi: indeed is not | kāṇkṣitam: desired | ātmano: by nature | kartum eva: only doing | tava: your | yathānideśam: command as instructed | priyam vai: is dear to me. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, king! Do not have any hesitation in offering the kingdom to Bharata. Neither kingdom nor happiness indeed is desired by my nature. It is dear to me only to do your command as directed."

VERSE 46

अपगच्चतु ते दुह्खम् मा भूर् बाष्प परिप्लुतः
न हि क्षुभ्यति दुर्धर्षः समुद्रः सरिताम् पतिः

apagaccatu te duhkham mā bhūr bāṣpa pariplutaḥ
na hi kṣubhyati durdharṣaḥ samudraḥ saritām patiḥ

SYNONYMS

te duḥkham apagacchatu: let your sorrow disappear! maa bhuuH = do not be | bhāṣpa pariplutaḥ: overwheled with tears | samudraḥ: the ocean | patiḥ: the lord | saritām: of rivers | durdharṣaḥ: which is difficult to assail | na kṣubhyatihi: is not indeed agitated. |

TRANSLATION

"Let your sorrow disappear! Do not be overwhelmed with tears. The ocean, the lord of rivers which is difficult to assail, indeed does not get agitated."

VERSE 47

न एव अहम् राज्यम् इच्चामि न सुखम् न च मैथिलीम्
त्वाम् अहम् सत्यम् इच्चामि न अनृतम् पुरुष ऋषभ

na eva aham rājyam iccāmi na sukham na ca maithilīm
tvām aham satyam iccāmi na anṛtam puruṣa ṛṣabha

SYNONYMS

aham: I | naiva icchāmi: do not even desire | rājyam: kingdom | na: nor | sukham: happiness | maithilīmca: Seetha too | naiva: nor | sarvān: all | imān: these | kāmān: enjoyments | jīvitam: life. |

TRANSLATION

"I do not crave for kingdom or happiness nor again for Seetha nor even all these enjoyments nor for heaven nor even for life."

VERSE 48

त्वामहम् सत्यमिच्छामि नानृतम् पुरुषर्षभ
प्रत्यक्षम् तव सत्येन सुकृतेन च ते शपे

tvāmaham satyamicchāmi nānṛtam puruṣarṣabha
pratyakṣam tava satyena sukṛtena ca te śape

SYNONYMS

puruṣarṣabha: Oh | jevel among men! ahma: I | icchami: wish | tvām: you | satyam: to be a truthful man | na: not | anṛtam: a fallaceous man | tava: In you | pratyakṣam: presence | satyena: by truth | sukṛtena: and by virtue | śape: I swear | te: to you. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, Jewel among men! I wish you to be a truthful mean, not a fallacious man. I swear to you in your presence by truth and by virtue."

VERSE 49

न च शख्यम् मया तात स्थातुम् क्षणमपि प्रभो
स शोकम् ध्रारयस्वेमम् न हि मे।अस्ति विपर्ययः

na ca śakhyam mayā tāta sthātum kṣaṇamapi prabho
sa śokam dhrārayasvemam na hi me|asti viparyayaḥ

SYNONYMS

tāta: Oh | father! prabho: Oh | lord! mayā: by me | naśakyam: it is not possible | sthātum: to stay | khhaṇamapi: even for a moment | saḥ: you as such | dhārayasva: should contian | evam: this | śokam: grief | nāstihi: there is indeed no | viparyayaḥ: going back | me: for me. |

TRANSLATION

"It is not possible for me, Oh father, to stay on even for a moment. Therefore, contain this grief, Oh Lord, for there is no going back upon my word."

VERSE 50

अर्थितो ह्यस्मि कैकेय्या वनम् गच्छेति राघव
मया चोक्तं प्रजामीति तत्सत्यमनुपालये

arthito hyasmi kaikeyyā vanam gaccheti rāghava
mayā coktaṃ prajāmīti tatsatyamanupālaye

SYNONYMS

rāghava: Oh | ḍasaratha the seion of ṟaghu! asmihi: I was indeed | arthitaḥ: asked | kaikeyyā: by Kaikeyi | iti: as follows: gachchha = go | vanam: to the forest." uktamcha = It was also replied | mayā: by me | prajāmi iti: that I would go | anupālaye: I shall redeem | tat: that | satyam: pledge. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh Dasaratha the seion of Raghu! I was indeed asked by Kaikeyi to go to the forest. It was also replied by me that I would go. I shall redeem that pledge."

VERSE 51

मा चोत्कण्थां कृथा देव वने रंस्यामहे वयम्
प्रशान्तहरिणाकीर्णे नानाशकुनिनादिते

mā cotkaṇthāṃ kṛthā deva vane raṃsyāmahe vayam
praśāntahariṇākīrṇe nānāśakuninādite

SYNONYMS

deva: Oh | king! mākṛthāḥ: do not feel | utkaṇṭhām: anxious | vayam: we | ramsyāmahe: shall sport | vane: in the forest | praśānta hariṇākīrṇe: flocked with peaceful deers | nānāśakuninādite: rendered noisy by birds of various types. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, king! Do not feel anxious. We shall sport in the forest, flocked with peaceful deer and rendered noisy by birds of various types."

VERSE 52

पिता हि दैवतम् तात देवतानामपि स्मृतम्
तस्माद्दैवतमित्येव करिष्यामि पितुर्वचः

pitā hi daivatam tāta devatānāmapi smṛtam
tasmāddaivatamityeva kariṣyāmi piturvacaḥ

SYNONYMS

tat: Oh | father! smṛtamhi: it was said indeed | pitā: father | daivatam: is the god | devatānāmapi: even for celestials | tasmāt: therefore | kariṣyāmi: I shall do | pituḥ: father's | vacaḥ: word | daivatam ityeva: considering it s divine. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, father! It was indeed said that even for celestials, father is the god. Therefore, I shall carry out the father's word, considering it as divine."

VERSE 53

चतुर्धशसु वर्षेषु गतेषु नरसत्तम
पुनर्द्रक्ष्यसि माम् प्राप्तम् सन्तापो।अयम् विमुच्यताम्

caturdhaśasu varṣeṣu gateṣu narasattama
punardrakṣyasi mām prāptam santāpo|ayam vimucyatām

SYNONYMS

narasattama: Oh | best among men! prāptam: coming | gateṣu: after passing away | caturdaśa: fourteen | varṣeṣu: years | drakṣyasi: you will see | mām: me | ayam samtāpaḥ vimucyatām: let this grief be given up. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh father, the best among men! You will see me, when I come back after elapsing fourteen years. Let this grief be given up."

VERSE 54

येन संस्तम्भनीयो।अयम् सर्वो बाष्पगल्दो जनः
स त्वम् पुरुषशार्दूल किमर्थम् विक्रियाम् गतः

yena saṃstambhanīyo|ayam sarvo bāṣpagaldo janaḥ
sa tvam puruṣaśārdūla kimartham vikriyām gataḥ

SYNONYMS

puruṣa śārdūla: Oh | tiger among men! saraḥ: all | ayam janaḥ: these people | bhāṣpagaḻaḥ: whoare bathed with tears | samstambhanīyaḥ: are to be consoled by you | saḥ tva: such of you | kimartham: why | gataḥ: got | vikriyām: perturbation? |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, tiger among men! Why have you got perturbed-you by whom all these people bathed in tears, ought to be consoled?"

VERSE 55

पुरम् च राष्ट्रम् च मही च केवला
मया निसृष्टा भरताय दीयताम्
अहम् निदेशम् भवतः अनुपालयन्
वनम् गमिष्यामि चिराय सेवितुम्

puram ca rāṣṭram ca mahī ca kevalā
mayā nisṛṣṭā bharatāya dīyatām
aham nideśam bhavataḥ anupālayan
vanam gamiṣyāmi cirāya sevitum

SYNONYMS

puramca: let this city | rāṣṭramca: province | kevalā mahīca: and whole of this earth | niśṛṣṭā: left | mayā: by me | dīyatām: be given | bharatāya: to Bharata | aham: I | anupālayan: following | bhavataḥ: your | nideśam: instruction | gamiṣyāmi: shall proceed | vanam: to the forest | sevitum: to dwell in it | cirāya: for long. |

TRANSLATION

"Let this city, province and whole of this earth left by me, be given to Bharata. I for one following your instructions, shall proceed to the forest to dwell in it for long."

VERSE 56

मया निसृष्टाम् भरतः महीम् इमाम्
सशैल खण्डाम् सपुराम् सकाननाम्
शिवाम् सुसीमाम् अनुशास्तु केवलम्
त्वया यद् उक्तम् नृपते यथा अस्तु तत्

mayā nisṛṣṭām bharataḥ mahīm imām
saśaila khaṇḍām sapurām sakānanām
śivām susīmām anuśāstu kevalam
tvayā yad uktam nṛpate yathā astu tat

SYNONYMS

nṛpate: Oh | king! imāma mahīm: let this earth | saśaila ṣaṇdām: with multitude mountains | sapurām: comprising of cities | sakānanām: with their gardens | nisṛṣṭām: relinquished | mayā: by me | anuśāstu: be ruled over | bharataḥ kevalam: barely by Bharata | susīmām: within bounds | śirām: of well being | yat: that which | uktam: is told | tvayā: by you | tat: let it | astu: be so | tathā: thus. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, king! Let this earth with multitude of mountains, comprising of cities with their gardens relinquished by me, be ruled over barely by Bharata, within the bounds of righteousness. Let the word of honour given by you(to Kaikeyi) come true."

VERSE 57

न मे तथा पार्थिव धीयते मनो
महत्सु कामेषु न च आत्मनः प्रिये
यथा निदेशे तव शिष्ट सम्मते
व्यपैतु दुह्खम् तव मत् कृते अनघ

na me tathā pārthiva dhīyate mano
mahatsu kāmeṣu na ca ātmanaḥ priye
yathā nideśe tava śiṣṭa sammate
vyapaitu duhkham tava mat kṛte anagha

SYNONYMS

pārthiva: Oh | anagha: the faultlessman! yathaa = how | memanaḥ: my mind | dhīyate: is shanding firmly | tava nirdeśe: to your command | śiṣta sammate: approved by the wise | tathā: in that manner | na: it is not | mahatsu: on haughty | kāmeṣu: enjoyments | ātanaḥ: on my own | priyeḥ: pleasures | matkṛte: for my sake | vyapaitu duḥkham: let your agony disappear. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, the faultless king! My mind is not directed on haughty physical enjoyments or sensuous pleasures which is approved by the wise. Let your agony disappear, for my sake."

VERSE 58

तत् अद्य न एव अनघ राज्यम् अव्ययम्
न सर्व कामान् न सुखम् न मैथिलीम्
न जीवितम् त्वाम् अनृतेन योजयन्
वृणीय सत्यम् व्रतम् अस्तु ते तथा

tat adya na eva anagha rājyam avyayam
na sarva kāmān na sukham na maithilīm
na jīvitam tvām anṛtena yojayan
vṛṇīya satyam vratam astu te tathā

SYNONYMS

anagha: Oh the sinless king! tat = therefore | adya: now | yojayan: connecting | tvām: you | anṛtena: with untruth | naiva vṛtena: I just cannot yearn | rājyam: for kingdom | na: nor | sarva kāmān: of various enjoyment | sukham: for happiness | maithilīm: Seetha | jīvitam: life | te: (let) your | vratam: voe | tathā: thus | astu: become | satyam: true. |

TRANSLATION

Oh, the sinless king! Therefore, now associating you with untruth, I just do not desire for kingdom, nor all the sensual enjoyments, nor happiness nor existence nor even Seetha. Let your pledge(given to Kaikeyi) prove true."

VERSE 59

फलानि मूलानि च भक्षयन् वने
गिरीम्ः च पश्यन् सरितः सरांसि च
वनम् प्रविश्य एव विचित्र पादपम्
सुखी भविष्यामि तव अस्तु निर्वृतिः

phalāni mūlāni ca bhakṣayan vane
girīmḥ ca paśyan saritaḥ sarāṃsi ca
vanam praviśya eva vicitra pādapam
sukhī bhaviṣyāmi tava astu nirvṛtiḥ

SYNONYMS

bhaviṣyāmi: I shall be | sukhī: happy | praviśyaiva: entering | vanam: the forest | vicitra pādapam: filled with | bhakṣayan: eating | phalāni: fruits | mūlanica: and tubers | puśyan: and lakes | vane: in the forest | astu: let there be | nirvṛtiḥ: satisfaction | tava: to you. |

TRANSLATION

"I shall be happy, entering the forest filled with wonderful trees, eating fruits and tubers as well as seeing mountains rivers and lakes in the forest. Let there be satisfaction for you.

VERSE 60

एवम् स राजा व्यसनाभिपन्नः
शोकेन दुःखेन च ताम्यमानः
आलिङ्ग्य पुत्रम् सुविनष्टसम्ज्ञो
मोहम् गतो नैव चिचेश्ट किंचित्

evam sa rājā vyasanābhipannaḥ
śokena duḥkhena ca tāmyamānaḥ
āliṅgya putram suvinaṣṭasamjño
moham gato naiva ciceśṭa kiṃcit

SYNONYMS

āliṇgya: embracing | putra: his son | saḥ rājā: that king Dasaratha | evam: who had thus | vyasanābhipannaḥ: fallen on evil days | tāmyamānaḥ: was tormented | śokena: with grief | duḥkhena: and distress | mahomgataḥ: got fainted | suvinaṣṭa samñaḥ: fully losing consciousness | naiva ciceṣṭa: not moving | kimcit: even a little. |

TRANSLATION

Embracing his son, that king Dasaratha, who had thus fallen on evil days, was tormented with grief and distress, got fainted, fully losing his consciousness and not moving even a little.

VERSE 61

इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये अयोध्य काण्डे चतुर् त्रिंशः सर्गः

iti vālmīki rāmāyaṇe ādi kāvye ayodhya kāṇḍe catur triṃśaḥ sargaḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | varjayitvā: leaving out | naradevapatnīm: Kaikeyi the wife of king Dasaratha | devyaḥ: the queens | sametāḥ: assembled there | samruduḥ: began to cry | sumantro'pi: Sumantra also | jagāma: got | mūrchām: the faint | rudan: while weeping | sarvam: everything | tatra: there | babhūva: became | hāhākṛtam: loud lamenting. |

TRANSLATION

Then, all the queens assembled there except Kaikeyi began to cry. Sumantra also fell into a swoon, while weeping. Everything there became loud lamenting. Thus completes 34th chapter of Ayodhya Kanda in glorious Ramayana, the work of a sage and the oldest epic. Verse Locator for Book II : Ayodhya Kanda - Book Of Ayodhya : Chapter 34 Top of Page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 © 2001, K. M. K. Murthy