Chapter 42

Kishkindha Kanda - The Empire of Holy Monkeys

VERSE 1

ततः प्रस्थाप्य सुग्रीवः तान् हरीन् दक्षिणाम् दिशम्
अब्रवित् मेघ संकाशम् सुशेषणम् नाम वानरम्
४४२१

tataḥ prasthāpya sugrīvaḥ tān harīn dakṣiṇām diśam
abravit megha saṃkāśam suśeṣaṇam nāma vānaram
4-42-1

SYNONYMS

sugrīvaḥ: Sugreeva | harīn: monkeys | dakṣiṇām diśam prasthāpya: to southern, direction, on sending | tataḥ: then | saḥ he: Sugreeva | megha sankāśam: to [massive] cloud, one who looked like | suśeṣaṇam nāma vānaram: Sushena, named, to vanara | abravit: spoke to. |

TRANSLATION

On sending monkeys to southern direction Sugreeva spoke to a vanara named Sushena who looked like a massive cloud. [4-42-1]

VERSE 2

तारायाः पितरम् राजा श्वशुरम् भीम विक्रमम्
अब्रवीत् प्रांजलिः वाक्यम् अभिगम्य प्रणम्य च

tārāyāḥ pitaram rājā śvaśuram bhīma vikramam
abravīt prāṃjaliḥ vākyam abhigamya praṇamya ca

SYNONYMS

rājā: king [Sugreeva] | tārāyāḥ pitaram: Lady Tara's, father | śvaśuram: to [his own] father-in-law | bhīma vikramam = of avesome, valour: Sushena | abhigamya praṇamya ca: approached, venerated [- Sushena,] also | prānjaliḥ: with palms-folded | vākyam abravīt: sentence, spoke. |

TRANSLATION

On approaching and venerating that awesomely valorous Sushena, the father of Lady Tara, thereby his own father-in-law, king Sugreeva spoke this sentence while adjoining palms in supplication. [4-42-2]

VERSE 3

महर्षि पुत्रम् मारीचम् अर्चिष्मन्तम् महाकपिम्
वृ^इतम् कपिवरैः शूरैः महेन्द्र सदृ^इश द्युतिम्

maharṣi putram mārīcam arciṣmantam mahākapim
vṛ^itam kapivaraiḥ śūraiḥ mahendra sadṛ^iśa dyutim

SYNONYMS

, 4, 5a| maharṣi putram mārīcam: to the great-sage's, son, Mareecha | mahā kapim: superb, monkey | śūraiḥ kapi varaiḥ vṛ^itam: with braving, monkeys, exceptional ones, surrounded with | mahendra sadṛ^iśa dyutim: Mahendra, coequal, in resplendence | buddhi vikrama sampannān: in brilliance, bravery, one endowed with | vainateya sama dyutim: Vinata's, son, equal, in sheen [outstanding speed] | arciṣmantam: [one who is known as] Arcishman | marīci putrān: Sage Mareecha's sons, | arcirmālyān: [known as] Arcishmaalyaa-s | maha balān: greatly, mighty ones | ṛṣi putrān ca: sage's, sons, also | tān sarvān mārīcān: them, all, [called as] Maareecha-s [brothers of Arcishman] | pratīcīm diśam: to western, direction | ādiśat: ordered. |

TRANSLATION

Sugreeva ordered the superb monkey son of great-sage Mareecha, called Arcishman, to western direction, who is a surrounded with exceptional and braving monkeys, a coequal to Indra in his resplendence, endowed with brilliance and bravery and whose speed equals that of the son of Vinata, namely Garuda, the Eagle-vehicle of Vishnu. Along with him Sugreeva also ordered the greatly mighty brothers of Arcishman i.e., the other vanara sons of Sage Mareecha, known as Arcishmaalyaa-s, also called as Mareecha-s. [3, 4, 5a]

VERSE 5

द्वाभ्याम् शत सहस्राभ्याम् कपीनाम् कपि सत्तमाः

dvābhyām śata sahasrābhyām kapīnām kapi sattamāḥ

SYNONYMS

b, 6a| kapi sattamāḥ: oh, monkeys, outstanding ones | yūyam: you all | suśeṣaṇa pramukhā: Sushena, in fore, front [as leader] | kapīnām: of monkeys | dvābhyām śata sahasrābhyām = vith tvo, hundred, thousands: two lakhs of monkeys | vaidehīm parimārgatha: let Vaidehi, be tracked down. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, outstanding monkeys, you shall search for Vaidehi proceeding with two hundred thousand monkeys, say two lakhs, and Sushena as your leader." Thus, Sugreeva started to speak to vanara troops. [4-42-5b, 6a]

VERSE 6

सौराष्ट्रान् सह बाह्लीकान् चंद्रचित्रान् तथैव च

saurāṣṭrān saha bāhlīkān caṃdracitrān tathaiva ca

SYNONYMS

b, 7, 8a| hari pungavāḥ: oh, monkeys, the best | saurāṣṭrān: Suraashtra province | tathaiva ca: like that, also | saha bāhlīkān: along with, Baahlika province | candracitrān: Candracitra province | sphītān: extensive ones | ramyān: delightful ones | jana padān: rural, areas | vipulāni purāṇi ca: spacious, cities, also | punnāga gahanam: in Punnaga tree, woods | vakula uddālaka ākulam: Vakula, Uddaalaka trees, [areas] filled with | kukṣim = in stomac: in interiors | tathā: like that | ketaka khanḍān ca: in Ketaka, thickets, also | mārgadhvam: be searched. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, best monkeys, conduct search in the Suraashtra, Baahlika and Candracitra provinces, including their extensive and delightful rural areas and spacious cities, as well as in their woods with Punnaaga trees, areas filled with Vakula, and Uddalaka trees and in their interiors, and even in the thickets of Ketaka trees. [4-42-6b, 7, 8a]

PURPORT

The province of Candracitra, the present day Mathura and is also mentioned as shuura desha 'Shuura province...' in other mms, and the Suraashtra is identified with present day Sauraashtra, a peninsula in Gujarat.
VERSE 8

प्रत्यक् स्रोतो वहाः चैव नद्यः शीतजलाः शिवाः

pratyak sroto vahāḥ caiva nadyaḥ śītajalāḥ śivāḥ

SYNONYMS

b, 9, 10, 11a| vānarāḥ: oh, vanara-s | pratyak srotaḥ vahāḥ = to vest, floving, flovs: rivers flowing westward | śīta jalāḥ: with cool, waters | śivāḥ: blest ones | nadyaḥ ca eva: rivers, also thus | tāpasānām araṇyāni: of sages, forests | ye = vhic: are there | kāntārā girayaḥ ca: in forests, mountains, also | tatra: there | [ye: which of those that are there] | maru prāyāḥ sthalīḥ = vaterless, virtually, lands: are there, they also | ati ucca śiśirāḥ śilāḥ: highly, towering, chilly, mountains | giri jāla āvṛtām: mountain, meshes of, encircled | durgām = impassable places: are there | paścimām diśam mārgitvā: western, quarter, on searching | tataḥ: then | paścimam samudram āgamya: to western, ocean, on coming | draṣṭum arhatha: to see, apt of you | gatvā = having gone there: to western ocean | timi nakra ākula jalam: with sharks, crocodiles, ruffled, waters | drakśyatha: you shall see. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, vanara-s, search at the blest rivers in the west whose cool water flows westward, as well as in the forests of sages and on the mountains of those forests, and even in lands that are virtually waterless and on the highly towering mountains that are chilly. On searching such an impassable western quarter encircled with enmeshed mountains, then it will be apt of you to come and see Western Ocean. Having come to Western Ocean, you will see seawater ruffled by sharks and crocodiles. [8b, 9, 10, 11a]

VERSE 11

ततः केतक ख।न्डेषु तमाल गहनेषु च

tataḥ ketaka kha|nḍeṣu tamāla gahaneṣu ca

SYNONYMS

b, 12a| tataḥ: later | kapayaḥ: monkeys | ketaka khanḍeṣu: in Ketaka plant, shrubberies of | tamāla gahaneṣu ca: Tamaala plant's, copses, also | nārikela vaneṣu ca: in coconut, boscages, also | vihariṣyanti: may ramble. |

TRANSLATION

"Later the monkeys may ramble in the shrubberies of Ketaka plants, in copses of Tamaala plants and in the boscages of coconut trees. [4-42-11b, 12a]

VERSE 12

तत्र सीताम् च मार्गध्वम् निलयम् रावणस्य च

tatra sītām ca mārgadhvam nilayam rāvaṇasya ca

SYNONYMS

b, 13, 14| tatra: there | velā tala niveṣṭeṣu: sea, on edge [shore,] sitting pretty | parvateṣu: in mountains | vaneṣu ca: forests, also | sītām ca: Seetha, and | rāvaṇasya nilayam ca: of Ravana, residency, also | mārgadhvam: shall be searched | muracī pattanam caiva: Muraci, city, also, thus | ramyam jaṭāpuram caiva: delightful, Jaatapura city, also thus | avantīm angalepām ca: Avanti, Angalepa, also | tathā: like that | alakṣitam vanam ca: Alakshita, forest, also | tataḥ tataḥ: there, and there | rāṣṭrāṇi ca: [nearby] provinces, also | viśālāni pattanāni: spacious, townships | [mārgadhvam: shall be searched.] |

TRANSLATION

"Seetha shall be searched along with the residency of Ravana on the mountains that are sitting pretty on the seashore, as well as in the forests on those mountains. Further, the delightful cities available alongshore like Muraci, Jaatapura, Avanti and Angalepa are to be searched together with the forest of Alakshita, including the nearby provinces and spacious townships. [4-42-12b, 13, 14]

PURPORT

These are said as cities with names of muralii, jaTiipuram , in other mms, and it is also said to be Maurvi. The said Avanti is not the Avanti already said to the monkeys who were sent to east. is 'un-cared-for' as the thick woods at its periphery make the interiors of forest neglected.
VERSE 15

सिंधु सागरयोः चैव संगमे तत्र पर्वतः
महान् हेम गिरिः नाम शत शृंगो महाद्रुमः

siṃdhu sāgarayoḥ caiva saṃgame tatra parvataḥ
mahān hema giriḥ nāma śata śṛṃgo mahādrumaḥ

SYNONYMS

sindhu sāgarayoḥ sangame: of Sindhu, of ocean, at junction | tatra: there | hemagiriḥ nāma: Hemagiri [or, Somagiri,] named | śata śṛngaḥ: with hundreds of, summits | mahā drumaḥ: with gigantic, trees | mahān parvataḥ: huge, mountain |

TRANSLATION

"At the junction of River Sindhu with the ocean, Mouth of Indus, there is a huge mountain named Hemagiri, Golden-Mountain, which is with hundreds of summits and gigantic trees. [4-42-15]

VERSE 16

तत्र प्रस्थेषु रम्येषु सिंहाः पक्ष गमाः स्थिताः
तिमि मत्स्य गजाम्ब् चैव नीडानि आरोपयन्ति ते

tatra prastheṣu ramyeṣu siṃhāḥ pakṣa gamāḥ sthitāḥ
timi matsya gajāmb caiva nīḍāni āropayanti te

SYNONYMS

tatra: = there | ramyeṣu prastheṣu: on beautiful, mountain ridges | pakṣa gamāḥ simhāḥ sthitāḥ: with wings, going, lions, are there [flying lions] | te: they | timi matsya gajām caiva: sharks, fish, elephants [elephant seals,] also thus | nīḍāni āropayanti: to nests [to lairs in mountains,] uplifts [winching.] |

TRANSLATION

"On the beautiful ridges of that mountain flying-lions are inhibiting and they will be winching sharks, fish and elephant seals to their lairs. [4-42-16]

VERSE 17

तानि नीडानि सिंहानाम् गिरि शृंग गताः च ये
दृप्ताः तृप्ताः च मातंगाः तोयद स्वन निःस्वनाः

tāni nīḍāni siṃhānām giri śṛṃga gatāḥ ca ye
dṛptāḥ tṛptāḥ ca mātaṃgāḥ toyada svana niḥsvanāḥ

SYNONYMS

, 18a| giri śṛnga gatāḥ: on mountain, top, gone in [inhibiting] | toya da svana niḥ svanāḥ: water, giver [cloud,] sound [thunder,] emitting, sound [trumpeting like thundering clouds] | dṛptāḥ: conceited ones | tṛptāḥ ca: contented ones, also | ye: which | mātangāḥ = elephants: are there, they | samantataḥ: everywhere | toya pūrṇe: water, filled [water abutted area of the mountain] | asmin viśāle: in that, vast [area] | tāni: at those [of flying-lions] | simhānām nīḍāni: of flying-lions, at lairs | vicaranti: verily, move about. |

TRANSLATION

"The elephants inhibiting on the top of that mountain are contended and conceited, and trumpeting like thunderous clouds they will be moving everywhere in that vast area of the mountain abutted by water and near at the lairs of flying-lions. [4-42-17, 18a]

VERSE 18

तस्य शृंगम् दिव स्पर्शम् कांचनम् चित्र पादपम्

tasya śṛṃgam diva sparśam kāṃcanam citra pādapam

SYNONYMS

b, 19a| diva sparśam: heaven, touching | citra pādapam: having, amazing, trees | kāncanam: golden one | tasya śṛngam: its, peak | sarvam: in entirety | kāma rūpibhiḥ kapibhiḥ: by wish, guise-changers, by monkeys | āśu vicetavyam: quickly, to be searched. |

TRANSLATION

"The monkeys who can change their guise by their wish have to quickly and entirely search the golden peak of that Hemagiri which will be touching the sky and which has amazing trees on it. [4-42-18b, 19a]

VERSE 19

कोटिम् तत्र समुद्रे तु कांचनीम् शत योजनम्

koṭim tatra samudre tu kāṃcanīm śata yojanam

SYNONYMS

b, 20a| vānarāḥ: oh, vanara-s | tatra gatā = there, having gone: on seagoing | samudre tu: in ocean, but [waterlogged in ocean] | pāriyātrasya: of Mt. Paariyaatra | śata yojanām: hundred, yojana-s [in height] | kāncanīm: golden | dur darśām: impossible, to see [because it is blindingly glittering] | koṭim: mountain peak | drakṣyatha: you shall see. |

TRANSLATION

"On your seagoing there, oh, vanara-s, you will see the golden peak of a waterlogged mountain called Mt. Paariyaatra, which peak will be hundred yojana-s in height, and which is difficult to see as it will be blindingly glittering. [4-42-19b, 20a]

VERSE 20

कोट्यः तत्र चतुर्विंशत् गंधर्वाणाम् तरस्विनाम्

koṭyaḥ tatra caturviṃśat gaṃdharvāṇām tarasvinām

SYNONYMS

b, 21a| tatra = there: on that mountain | tarasvinām: mighty ones | agni nikāśānām: fire, similar in glow | ghorāṇām: atrocious ones | kāma rūpiṇām: by wish, guise-changers | gandharvāṇām: of Gandharva-s | catur vimśat koṭyaḥ: four, twenty, crores, [a host of twenty-four crores] | vasanti: are living. |

TRANSLATION

"Twenty four crores of mighty and atrocious Gandharva-s whose glow is similar to the fire and who can change their guise at their wish are living there on that mountain Paariyaatra. [4-42-20b, 21a]

PURPORT

The Gandharva-s said here are not the celestial musicians but human Gandharva-s and the Paariyaatra Mountain may perhaps belong to one in Suleiman Range, now in Pakistan, but not the one among Vindhya Range.
VERSE 21

पावक अर्चिः प्रतीकाशाः समवेताः समन्ततः

pāvaka arciḥ pratīkāśāḥ samavetāḥ samantataḥ

SYNONYMS

b, 22a| samantataḥ: everywhere | samavetāḥ: thronging together [if offended] | pāvaka arciḥ pratīkāśāḥ = fire, tongues of, those that are reflective of: who resemble | te: those [Gandharva-s] | bhīma vikramaiḥ vānaraiḥ: awfully, courageous, by vanara-s | na: not | ati āsādayitvāḥ: closely, to be approached [provoked.] |

TRANSLATION

"If those Gandharva-s who resemble the tongues of fire are given offence, they will be thronging together from everywhere, as such even awfully courageous vanara-s shall not provoke them. [4-42-21b, 22a]

VERSE 22

न अदेयम् च फलम् तस्मात् देशात् किंचित् प्लवंगमैः

na adeyam ca phalam tasmāt deśāt kiṃcit plavaṃgamaiḥ

SYNONYMS

b, 23| tasmāt deśāt: from that, province | plavamgamaiḥ: by fly-jumpers | phalam kimcit na ādeyam ca: fruit, at least, not, to be picked, also | sattva vantaḥ: assiduous ones | mahābalāḥ: highly mighty ones | te vīrāḥ = those, valiant ones: Gandharva-s | dur āsadā: impossible, for overtures | hi: isn't it | bhīma vikramāḥ: appallingly, audacious ones | te = those: Gandharva-s | tatra: there | phala mūlāni: fruits, tubers | rakṣante: will be safeguarding. |

TRANSLATION

"And the fly-jumpers shall not pluck at least a fruit in that province. Because those assiduous, highly mighty and valiant Gandharva-s are impossible for overtures, isn't it. Moreover, those appallingly audacious Gandharva-s will be safeguarding fruits and tubers there. [4-42-22, 23]

PURPORT

This area must be in and around present day Afghanistan because it is famous for dry fruits and it is the age-old practice of Kabuli Walla-s to sell most delicious dry-fruits. When they grow that kind of high-grade fruits which orchardist allows a monkey to pluck and plunder them.
VERSE 24

तत्र यत्नः च कर्तव्यो मार्गितव्या च जानकी
न हि तेभ्यो भयम् किंचित् कपित्वम् अनुवर्तताम्

tatra yatnaḥ ca kartavyo mārgitavyā ca jānakī
na hi tebhyo bhayam kiṃcit kapitvam anuvartatām

SYNONYMS

tatra: there | yatnaḥ ca: put oneself in devoir, also | kartavyaḥ = doable: by you | jānakī mārgitavyā ca: Janaki, is searchable, also | kapitvam: monkey-hood | anuvartatām = to those vho are folloving it: who practise monkey tricks | tebhyaḥ = from them: Gandharva-s | bhayam kimcit: scare, in the least | na hi: is not there, indeed. |

TRANSLATION

"There you have to put yourself in devoir and search for Janaki. In the event of your following just monkey-hood and its antics, without becoming adventuresome, there will be no scare from those Gandharva-s. Then you proceed from that Mt. Paariyaatra to Mt. Vajra. [4-42-24]

VERSE 25

तत्र वैदूर्य वर्णाभो वज्र संस्थान संस्थितः
नाना द्रुम लता आकीर्णो वज्रः नाम महागिरिः

tatra vaidūrya varṇābho vajra saṃsthāna saṃsthitaḥ
nānā druma latā ākīrṇo vajraḥ nāma mahāgiriḥ

SYNONYMS

, 26| plavangamāḥ: oh, fly-jumpers | tatra = there: in sea next to Mt. Paariyaatra | vaidūrya varṇa abhaḥ: lapis gemstone, hue, similar in shine | vajra samsthāna samsthitaḥ = a diamond, in structure, standing: standing like a diamond in its shape | nānā druma latā ākīrṇaḥ: diverse, trees, climbers, spread over | śrīmān: glorious one | vajraḥ nāma mahā giriḥ: Vajra, named, great mountain | tatra: there on that mountain | yojanānām śatam: yojana-s, hundred | samam: squarely | samuditaḥ: soaring high | guhāḥ: caverns | prayatnena vicetavyāḥ: pursuantly, are to be searched. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, fly-jumpers, there is a great mountain named Mt. Vajra in that sea beyond Mt. Paariyaatra. It will be with a shine similar to the hue of the gemstone lapis, and it will be standing like a diamond in its shape, hence it is diamondiferous. There that glorious mountain will be soaring high, squarely for a hundred yojana-s, and diverse trees and climbers will be spreading over it. There, on that mountain you have to search pursuantly including its caverns. [4-42-25, 26]

VERSE 27

चतुर् भागे समुद्रस्य चक्रवान् नाम पर्वतः
तत्र चक्रम् सहस्रारम् निर्मितम् विश्वकर्मणा

catur bhāge samudrasya cakravān nāma parvataḥ
tatra cakram sahasrāram nirmitam viśvakarmaṇā

SYNONYMS

samudrasya catur bhāge: of ocean, in fourth, quarter | cakravān nāma parvataḥ = chakravān, named, mountain: is there | tatra: there [on that mountain] | viśvakarmaṇā: by Vishvakarma | sahasra aram cakram: thousand, spoked, wheel | nirmitam: is constructed. |

TRANSLATION

"In the fourth quarter of that ocean from land a mountain named Cakravaan is there. Vishvakarma, the Divine Architect, constructed a thousand-spoked wheel on it. [4-42-27]

PURPORT

This is not just a wheel with thousand spokes, but said to be a machine of weaponry with thousand parts or sub-weapons. The Divine Architect Vishvakarma constructs such marvellous things not only for to gods, but even to the demons, while coming under duress, as and when demons conquer Indra's paradise. In the following verses, a connected legend is also touched.
VERSE 28

तत्र पंचजनम् हत्वा हयग्रीवम् च दानवम्
आजहार ततः चक्रम् शंखम् च पुरुषोत्तमः

tatra paṃcajanam hatvā hayagrīvam ca dānavam
ājahāra tataḥ cakram śaṃkham ca puruṣottamaḥ

SYNONYMS

tatra = there: on mountain | puruṣa uttamaḥ = Person, ṣupreme: Vishnu | hayagrīvam dānavam hatvā: Hayagreeva, demon, on slaying | tataḥ: from there [from him] | cakram: wheel | pancajanam: Pancajana | [hatvā: on slaying] | śankham ca: conch-shell, also | ājahāra: snatched away. |

TRANSLATION

puraaNa/Legend: "Once upon a time in the crusades of gods-demons, Vishnu assuming the form of puroSottama 'Supreme Person' slew the horse-faced demon named Hayagreeva on that mountain, and snatched away the wheel-weapon from him. Until then, this wheel-weapon existed under the custody of that demon Hayagreeva. Purushottama also put another demon Pancajana to death on that very mountain and took away his backbone, which is a conch-shell. Thus the conch-shell handled by Vishnu is known as paancha janya shankha 'Paanchajanya conch.' Thus, this Cakravaan named mountain assumes legendary importance to search for Seetha. [4-42-28]

VERSE 29

तस्य सानुषु रम्येषु विशालासु गुहासु च
रावणः सह वैदेह्या मार्गितव्यः ततः ततः

tasya sānuṣu ramyeṣu viśālāsu guhāsu ca
rāvaṇaḥ saha vaidehyā mārgitavyaḥ tataḥ tataḥ

SYNONYMS

tasya = its: Mt. Cakravaan's | ramyeṣu sānuṣu: on delightful, cliffs | viśālāsu guhāsu ca: spacious, caves, also | rāvaṇaḥ: Ravana | vaidehyā saha: Vaidehi, together with | mārgitavyaḥ: be searched | tataḥ tataḥ = there, there: here, there, and everywhere. |

TRANSLATION

"Vaidehi is to be searched on the delightful cliffs of that Mt. Cakravaan and also in its spacious caves, together with Ravana, and search for her here, there, and everywhere. [4-42-29]

VERSE 30

योजनानि चतुः षष्टिः वराहो नाम पर्वतः
सुवर्ण शृंगः सुमहान् अगाधे वरुण आलये

yojanāni catuḥ ṣaṣṭiḥ varāho nāma parvataḥ
suvarṇa śṛṃgaḥ sumahān agādhe varuṇa ālaye

SYNONYMS

agādhe: in the abyss of | varuṇa ālaye = in ṟain: god's, adobe - in ocean | catuḥ ṣaṣṭiḥ yojanāni: four, six [after sixty-four] yojana-s | suvarṇa śṛngaḥ: golden, peaked | varāhaḥ nāma: Varaha, named | su mahān parvataḥ = very, great, mountain: is there. |

TRANSLATION

"After sixty-four yojana-s another very great mountain with golden peaks is there in abyss of the abode of Rain-god, namely the ocean, and it is named as Mt. Varaaha. [4-42-30]

VERSE 31

तत्र प्राक् ज्योतिषम् नाम जातरूपमयम् पुरम्
यस्मिन् वसति दुष्ट आत्मा नरको नाम दानवः

tatra prāk jyotiṣam nāma jātarūpamayam puram
yasmin vasati duṣṭa ātmā narako nāma dānavaḥ

SYNONYMS

tatra prākjyotiṣam nāma: there, Praagjyotisha, named | jātarūpamayam puram = completely golden, city: is there | yasmin: wherein | duṣṭa ātmā: evil, minded one | narakaḥ nāma dānavaḥ: Naraka, named, demon | vasati: lives. |

TRANSLATION

"A city named Praagjyotisha is there which is completely golden, wherein the evil-minded demon named Naraka is living. [4-42-31]

PURPORT

This Praagjyotisha is held as the present Assam as has been referred by Kalidasa in his works and some say that this place should not have been referred here. The inclusion of this verse is said to be the problem with the copyist. S.M. Ali in 'The Geography of the Puranas' says: 'this was the famous janapada on the fringe of the Eastern country...' and it corresponds roughly with the middle Brahmaputra valley...' The name is derived as praak 'firstly, easterly...' jyotiSh 'planet, Sun, and his light'' that is to say, 'the place which takes the first light...' that is the east of India...' i.e., Assam. The said demon Naraka is not just "the buffalo-demon" who was eliminated by Goddess Durga.
VERSE 32

तत्र सानुषु रम्येषु विशालासु गुहासु च
रावणः सह वैदेह्या मार्गितव्यः ततः ततः

tatra sānuṣu ramyeṣu viśālāsu guhāsu ca
rāvaṇaḥ saha vaidehyā mārgitavyaḥ tataḥ tataḥ

SYNONYMS

tatra ramyeṣu sānuṣu: there [on Mt. Varaaha,] on delightful, cliffs | viśālāsu guhāsu ca: spacious, caves, also | rāvaṇaḥ: Ravana | vaidehyā saha: Vaidehi together with | mārgitavyaḥ tataḥ tataḥ: be searched, there, there. |

TRANSLATION

"There on the delightful cliffs and spacious caves of that Mt. Varaaha, including that city Praagjyotisha, Ravana shall be searched together with Vaidehi. [4-42-32]

VERSE 33

तम् अतिक्रम्य शैलेन्द्रम् कांचनान् अन्तर दर्शनम्
पर्वतः सर्व सौवर्णो धारा प्रस्रवण आयुतः

tam atikramya śailendram kāṃcanān antara darśanam
parvataḥ sarva sauvarṇo dhārā prasravaṇa āyutaḥ

SYNONYMS

tam: that [Mt. Varaaha] | kāncanān antara darśanam [nirdarām]: with gold-deposits, inlaid, appears [with golden caves] | śailendram: mountain, the best | atikramya: on ranging | dhārā prasravaṇa āyutaḥ: waterfalls, rapids, containing | sarva sauvarṇaḥ parvataḥ = entirely, golden, mountain: is there, called Meghavanta. |

TRANSLATION

"On ranging from that best Mt. Varaaha, whose caves are inlaid with gold-deposits apparent to the naked eye, there is an entirely golden mountain containing waterfalls and rapids called Meghavanta. [4-42-33]

VERSE 34

तम् गजाः च वराहाः च सिंहा व्याघ्राः च सर्वतः
अभिगर्जन्ति सततम् तेन शब्देन दर्पिताः

tam gajāḥ ca varāhāḥ ca siṃhā vyāghrāḥ ca sarvataḥ
abhigarjanti satatam tena śabdena darpitāḥ

SYNONYMS

sarvataḥ: all around | gajāḥ ca varāhāḥ ca simhā vyāghrāḥ ca: elephants, also wild-boars, also, lions, tigers, also | tena śabdena: by its [mountain's,] sound [on listening the reverberating sounds of rapids and falls of that mountain] | darpitāḥ: proud-heartedly | satatam: always | abhi garjanti: facing towards [mountain,] [elephants will be] roaring. |

TRANSLATION

"Listening the sonorous sounds of waterfalls and rapids of that mountain, and construing them to be the roars of their opponent beasts, the elephants, wild boars, lions, and tigers will always be facing that mountain and roaring proud-heartedly all around it, by which that Mt. Meghavanta itself appears to be roaring, proud-heartedly. [4-42-34]

VERSE 35

यस्मिन् हरि हयः श्रीमान् महेन्द्रः पाकशासनः
अभिषिक्तः सुरै राजा मेघो नाम स पर्वतः

yasmin hari hayaḥ śrīmān mahendraḥ pākaśāsanaḥ
abhiṣiktaḥ surai rājā megho nāma sa parvataḥ

SYNONYMS

hari hayaḥ = grīn, horses: one who has, Indra | śrīmān: distinguished one | pāka śāsanaḥ: demon Paka, controller of | mahendraḥ: Mahendra | yasmin = vhere: on which mountain | suraiḥ: by gods | rājā: as king | abhiṣiktaḥ: is anointed | saḥ: such a | meghaḥ nāma parvataḥ = ṃegha, named, mountain: it is. |

TRANSLATION

"On which mountain the distinguished Mahendra, whose horses are green and who is the controller of demon Paka, is anointed by gods as their king, such a mountain is this named Mt. Megha, or Mt. Meghavanta, which you have to scour. [4-42-35]

VERSE 36

तम् अतिक्रम्य शैलेन्द्रम् महेन्द्र परिपालितम्
षष्टिम् गिरि सहस्राणि कांचनानि गमिष्यथ

tam atikramya śailendram mahendra paripālitam
ṣaṣṭim giri sahasrāṇi kāṃcanāni gamiṣyatha

SYNONYMS

, 37| mahendra paripālitam: by great Indra, ruled | tam śailendram = that, mountain the best: Mt. Meghavanta | atikramya: going further | taruṇa āditya varṇāni: young, sun, in tinge with | sarvataḥ bhrājamānāni: all around, radiant | su puṣpitaiḥ: with fully flowered | jātarūpamayaiḥ: completely golden in hue | vṛkṣaiḥ = vith suc: trees | śobhitāni: resplendent with | kāncanāni: golden ones | ṣaṣṭim: sixty | giri sahasrāṇi: mountain, thousands [a range of sixty thousand mountains] | gamiṣyatha: you shall go to. |

TRANSLATION

"On going further from that best mountain ruled by Mahendra, namely Mt. Meghavanta, you shall go to the range of sixty thousand golden mountains. Those mountains are radiant all around with the tinge of young Sun, and with the resplendence of fully flowered trees which are wholly golden in hue. [4-42-36, 37]

VERSE 38

तेषाम् मध्ये स्थितो राजा मेरुः उत्तम पर्वतः
आदित्येन प्रसन्नेन शैलो दत्त वरः पुरा

teṣām madhye sthito rājā meruḥ uttama parvataḥ
ādityena prasannena śailo datta varaḥ purā

SYNONYMS

teṣām madhye: their, in midst | rājā meruḥ uttama parvataḥ: kingly, Meru, unique, mountain | sthitaḥ: is there | purā: once upon a time | śailaḥ: that mountain | prasannena ādityena: by generous, Sun | datta varaḥ: accorded, boon. |

TRANSLATION

"There is a unique and kingly mountain in the midst of that range of golden mountains, which is called Mt. Meru, or Saavrni Meru, to which mountain generous Sun has once given a boon. [4-42-38]

VERSE 39

तेन एवम् उक्तः शैलेन्द्रः सर्व एव त्वत् आश्रयाः
मत् प्रसादात् भविष्यन्ति दिवा रात्रौ च कांचनाः

tena evam uktaḥ śailendraḥ sarva eva tvat āśrayāḥ
mat prasādāt bhaviṣyanti divā rātrau ca kāṃcanāḥ

SYNONYMS

, 40| śaila indraḥ = unique, mountain: Mt. Saavarni Meru | tena = by him: by Sun | evam uktaḥ: this way, said | tvat āśrayāḥ: by you, sheltered | sarva eva = all of the: [whatever trees, boulders, brooks,] thus | divā rātrau ca: by day, by night, also | mat prasādāt: by my, beneficence | kāncanāḥ bhaviṣyanti: [transmute into] golden [in hue,] they become | ye: which of those | deva gandharva dānavāḥ: gods, gandharva-s, demons | tvayi: in you [on you] | vatsyanti: will be residing | te ca api: they, also, even | bhaktāḥ ca: votaries [of mine, i.e., the Sun,] also | prabhayā: by resplendence | kāncana prabhāḥ: in golden, glitter | bhaviṣyanti: they will become. |

TRANSLATION

"The Sun said to that unique Mt. Meru Saavarni in this way, 'by my beneficence whatever that is sheltered by you, say trees, climbers, rapids, boulders, all of them will transmute into golden hue, either by day or by night. Even those that reside on you, say gods, gandharva-s, or demons, they too shall thrive as my votaries and as far as their resplendence is concerned they will be glittering like gold, i.e., in the ochry golden hue of the eventide. [4-42-39, 40]

VERSE 41

विश्वेदेवाः च वसवो मरुतः च दिव ओकसः
आगत्य पश्चिमाम् संध्याम् मेरुम् उत्तम पर्वतम्

viśvedevāḥ ca vasavo marutaḥ ca diva okasaḥ
āgatya paścimām saṃdhyām merum uttama parvatam

SYNONYMS

, 42| viśvedevāḥ ca: Vishvedeva-s, also | vasavaḥ: Vasava-s | marutaḥ ca: Marut-s, and | diva okasaḥ = heaven, dvellers: other celestials | paścimām sandhyām: at vesperal time | uttama parvatam merum: unique, mountain, to Mt. Meru | āgatya: having come | ādityam: at Sun | upa tiṣṭhanti = nearby, sit tight: as in seated worship - they will worship | sūryaḥ taiḥ abhipūjitaḥ: Sun, by them, well worshipped | sarva bhūtānām: for all, beings | a dṛśyaḥ = un, sīn: sun becomes - evanishes | astam parvatam gacchati: to dusking, mountain [Astagiri,] he goes. |

TRANSLATION

"On their coming to that unique mountain Mt. Meru Saavarni at vespers Vishvedeva-s, Vasava-s, Marut-s, and the other celestials will bide their time for the dusking Sun, and when they all have worshipped him, the Sun goes to the Mt. Astagiri, the Dusking Mountain, and evanishes for all beings for that day. [4-42-41, 42]

PURPORT

The above list may not mention others but it is construed to be inclusive of ekaadasha rudra-s, who are twenty-one in number, while the vishvedevaaH are thirteen, vasavaaH are eight, maruts are seven, aadityaa-s 'the other Suns in other galaxies...' are twelve.
VERSE 43

योजनानाम् सहस्राणि दश तानि दिवाकरः
मुहूर्त अर्धेन तम् शीघ्रम् अभियाति शिल उच्चयम्

yojanānām sahasrāṇi daśa tāni divākaraḥ
muhūrta ardhena tam śīghram abhiyāti śila uccayam

SYNONYMS

divākaraḥ: day, maker [Sun] | muhūrta ardhena: hour, and half | yojanānām: of yojana-s | tāni: those | daśa sahasrāṇi: ten, thousand, [ten thousand yojana-s] | śila uccayam: towards mountain, highest, [Mt. Astagiri, Mt. Dusk] | śīghram abhi yāti: quickly, towards, goes. |

TRANSLATION

"The Sun courses across those ten thousand yojana-s from Mt. Meru Saavarni to Mt. Astaadri in one and half hours, and quickly reaches Mt. Astagiri, or Mt. Dusk. [4-42-43]

VERSE 44

शृंगे तस्य महत् दिव्यम् भवनम् सूर्य संनिभम्
प्रासाद गण संबाधम् विहितम् विश्वकर्मणा

śṛṃge tasya mahat divyam bhavanam sūrya saṃnibham
prāsāda gaṇa saṃbādham vihitam viśvakarmaṇā

SYNONYMS

tasya śṛnge: on its, pinnacle, [Mt. Astagiri's pinnacle] | prāsāda gaṇa sambādham: building with stories, multi, compacted with | sūrya sannibham: Sun, similar [in shine] | mahat: a supreme | divyam: a heavenly | bhavanam: manor-house | viśvakarmaṇā vihitam = by Viśvakarma, arranged: is there. |

TRANSLATION

"On the pinnacle of Mt. Astagiri, or the Mt. Dusk, there is a supreme and heavenly manor-house compacted with multi-storied buildings, which in shine will be similar to Sun and which is arranged by Vishvakarma, the Divine Architect. [4-42-44]

VERSE 45

शोभितम् तरुभिः चित्रैः नाना पक्षि समाकुलैः
निकेतम् पाश हस्तस्य वरुणस्य महात्मनः

śobhitam tarubhiḥ citraiḥ nānā pakṣi samākulaiḥ
niketam pāśa hastasya varuṇasya mahātmanaḥ

SYNONYMS

citraiḥ: with amazing ones | nānā pakṣi sam ākulaiḥ: with diverse, birds, well [musically,] twittering | tarubhiḥ śobhitam: with trees, brightened with | mahā ātmanaḥ: great-souled one | pāśa hastasya: tether, in hand [wielder of] | varuṇasya niketam = ṟain: god Varuna's, villa - is there. |

TRANSLATION

"That villa is brightened by amazing trees, on which diverse birds will be twittering musically, belongs to the great-souled Varuna, the Rain-god, who wields a tether. [4-42-45]

VERSE 46

अन्तरा मेरुम् अस्तम् च तालो दश शिरा महान्
जातरूपमयः श्रीमान् भ्राजते चित्र वेदिकः

antarā merum astam ca tālo daśa śirā mahān
jātarūpamayaḥ śrīmān bhrājate citra vedikaḥ

SYNONYMS

merum astam ca: Mt. Meru, Mt. Astaadri [Mt. Dusk,] also | antarā: in between | daśa śirā: ten, headed [ten leaved] | jātarūpamayaḥ: completely golden | śrīmān: glorious one | citra vedikaḥ: with marvellous, podium | mahān tālaḥ: gigantic, Date-palm-tree | bhrājate: shines forth. |

TRANSLATION

"In between Mt. Meru and Mt. Astaadri there is a gigantic ten-leaved Date-palm-tree, which is completely golden and shines forth with a marvellous podium. [4-42-46]

PURPORT

This area must be the present day Arabian and the ancient Persian province, because the Date-palm tree is the highly respected tree at there or even throughout south East Asia. The three kinds of Dates trees are called as dry-grass-palm trees, as said in Amara Kosha. kharjuura, ketakii, talii, kharjuurii ca tR^iNa drumaa: amara kosha 'Date, Pandamus odara tissimus, Corypha Talliera and Wild Date are dry-grass-palms, and these grow in abundance around oases.
VERSE 47

तेषु सर्वेषु दुर्गेषु सरस्सु च सरित्सु च
रावणः सह वैदेह्या मार्गितव्यः ततः ततः

teṣu sarveṣu durgeṣu sarassu ca saritsu ca
rāvaṇaḥ saha vaidehyā mārgitavyaḥ tataḥ tataḥ

SYNONYMS

sarveṣu: in all of them | teṣu: in those | durgeṣu sarassu ca saritsu ca: mountains, lakes, also, rivers, also | tataḥ tataḥ: there, there | vaidehyā: Vaidehi | saha rāvaṇaḥ: together with, Ravana | mārgitavyaḥ: shall be searched. |

TRANSLATION

"On all those mountains, lakesides and riversides Vaidehi shall be searched together with Ravana, far and wide. [4-42-47]

VERSE 48

यत्र तिष्ठति धर्मज्ञः तपसा स्वेन भावितः
मेरु सावर्णिर् इति एष ख्यातो वै ब्रह्मणा समः

yatra tiṣṭhati dharmajñaḥ tapasā svena bhāvitaḥ
meru sāvarṇir iti eṣa khyāto vai brahmaṇā samaḥ

SYNONYMS

dharmajñaḥ: virtue knower | svena tapasā bhāvitaḥ: by his own, asceticism, an enlightened one | brahmaṇā samaḥ: to Brahma, selfsame | eṣa: who is | merusāvarṇiḥ iti: Sage Merusaavarni, thus | khyātaḥ: is renowned | yatra tiṣṭhati vai = vhere, he abides, indīd: that place is this Mt. Meru Saavarni. |

TRANSLATION

"This is where the virtue-knower, an enlightened one by his own asceticism, a selfsame personality to Brahma and one renowned as Sage Merusaavarni indeed resides. [4-42-48]

VERSE 49

प्रष्टव्यो मेरुसावर्णिः महर्षिः सूर्य संनिभः
प्रणम्य शिरसा भूमौ प्रवृत्तिम् मैथिलीम् प्रति

praṣṭavyo merusāvarṇiḥ maharṣiḥ sūrya saṃnibhaḥ
praṇamya śirasā bhūmau pravṛttim maithilīm prati

SYNONYMS

sūrya sannibhaḥ: Sun, similar in shine | maharṣiḥ merusāvarṇiḥ: great-sage, Merusaavarni | śirasā bhūmau praṇamya = vith head: bent, onto ground, venerating - prostration yourself before him | maithilīm prati = of ṃaithili, about: tidings about Maithili | pravṛttim praṣṭavyaḥ: her whereabouts, he can be asked. |

TRANSLATION

"And that sage Merusaavarni who is Sun-similar in his shine can be asked, only on your prostration before him in veneration, about the tidings of Maithili, and her whereabouts. [4-42-49]

VERSE 50

एतावत् जीव लोकस्य भास्करो रजनी क्षये
कृत्वा वितिमिरम् सर्वम् अस्तम् गच्छति पर्वतम्

etāvat jīva lokasya bhāskaro rajanī kṣaye
kṛtvā vitimiram sarvam astam gacchati parvatam

SYNONYMS

bhāskaraḥ = īlluminator: Sun | jīva lokasya: of mortal, world | etāvat: up to here | rajanī kṣaye = night, decline of: in day | vi timiram: without, darkness | kṛtvā = on making: effacing | astam parvatam gacchati: to Astagiri, mountain [Mt. Dusk,] goes to. |

TRANSLATION

"On effacing the utter darkness of all the mortal world up to here, the illuminator of mortal world and the decliner of night, namely the Sun, will go to the Mt. Astagiri, say Mt. Dusk. [4-42-50]

VERSE 51

एतावत् वानरैः शक्यम् गन्तुम् वानर पुंगवाः
अभास्करम् अमर्यादम् न जानीमः ततः परम्

etāvat vānaraiḥ śakyam gantum vānara puṃgavāḥ
abhāskaram amaryādam na jānīmaḥ tataḥ param

SYNONYMS

vānara pungavāḥ: oh, vanara-s, the best | etāvat: up to there | vānaraiḥ gantum śakyam: by vanara-s, to go, it is possible | a bhāskaram: without, sun [sunless] | a maryādam: not, with boundaries [boundless realms] | tataḥ param = there, after: far and beyond | na jānīmaḥ = not, ve knov: I do not know. |

TRANSLATION

"It is possible for the vanara-s to go only up to there, oh, best vanara-s, and we have no knowledge of those sunless and boundless realms available far and beyond. [4-42-51]

PURPORT

In 'The Ancient Geography of India' K. Basu records: 'the reader should notice here that Valmiki makes mention of a few places only, most of which are mountains in the west and ends with the poetic land of the setting Sun. This shows that little was known at that time of the famed nations of the west, in spite of the great antiquity claimed by Egypt, Assyria, and Greece and one might be led to the thinking that these nations had not yet risen to power in the time of Valmiki, or if they existed at all, communication was not yet opened between them and the Indian Aryans...' The words a+bhaaskaram, a + maryaadam are also taken in the sense, 'without, enlightenment; without, proper conduct, i.e., propriety...' 'Those places are with primitives who are unenlightened and with impropriety, that are incongruous with Ancient Indian principle of living...' Thus, these cultures west to Persia are held as pre-Babylonian or pre-Assyrian cultures. Moreover, it is assumed that Sugreeva has said this way: 'because Ravana is a highly educated and cultured demon, in his own way, he too despises those lowly cultures despite of his obstinacy. For sure, he will not be there with Seetha, and hence Seetha need not be searched in those countries.'
VERSE 52

अवगम्य तु वैदेहीम् निलयम् रावणस्य च
अस्तम् पर्वतम् आसाद्य पूर्णे मासे निवर्तत

avagamya tu vaidehīm nilayam rāvaṇasya ca
astam parvatam āsādya pūrṇe māse nivartata

SYNONYMS

vaidehīm: about Vaidehi | rāvaṇasya nilayam ca: of Ravana, residency, also | avagamya tu: on knowing, but | astam parvatam āsādya: Dusk, mountain, on reaching | māse pūrṇe: month, while completing [within a month] | nivartata: you shall come back. |

TRANSLATION

"You shall return within a month on knowing about Vaidehi and also about the residency of Ravana, or on your reaching Mt. Astagiri, say Mt. Dusk. [4-42-52]

VERSE 53

ऊर्ध्वम् मासान् न वस्तव्यम् वसन् वध्यो भवेन् मम
सह एव शूरो युष्माभिः श्वशुरो मे गमिष्यति

ūrdhvam māsān na vastavyam vasan vadhyo bhaven mama
saha eva śūro yuṣmābhiḥ śvaśuro me gamiṣyati

SYNONYMS

māsāt ūrdhvam na vastavyam: than a month, above [more than,] not, to stay away | vasan: if stayed | mama vadhyaḥ bhavet = to me, ekṣecutable, [he] becomes: I have to exercise coup de grace | yuṣmābhiḥ saha eva: you, along with, thus | me śūraḥ śvaśuraḥ: my, valorous, father-in-law | gamiṣyati: will proceed. |

TRANSLATION

"And none shall stay behind for more than a month, and if anyone stays, I have to exercise coup de grace in his respect. By the way, my valorous father-in-law, namely Sushena, is proceeding along with you. [4-42-53]

VERSE 54

श्रोतव्यम् सर्वम् एतस्य भवद्भिः दिष्ट कारिभिः
गुरुः एष महाबाहुः श्वशुरो मे महाबलः

śrotavyam sarvam etasya bhavadbhiḥ diṣṭa kāribhiḥ
guruḥ eṣa mahābāhuḥ śvaśuro me mahābalaḥ

SYNONYMS

diṣṭakāribhiḥ: by the achievers ordered tasks | bhavadbhiḥ: by you | etasya: his [Sushena's orders] | sarvam śrotavyam = all [orders,] give ear to: give heed to | mahābāhuḥ: highly dextrous | mahābalaḥ: great-mighty one | eṣa me śvaśuraḥ: he is, my, father-in-law | guruḥ: a venerable one. |

TRANSLATION

"As achievers of ordered tasks you shall give heed to all of the orders given by him. He who is highly dextrous and great mighty such a Sushena is my father-in-law, thus he is a venerable to me, as well as to you. [4-42-54]

VERSE 55

भवन्तः च अपि विक्रान्ताः प्रमाणम् सर्वे एव हि
प्रमाणम् एनम् संस्थाप्य पश्यध्वम् पश्चिमाम् दिशम्

bhavantaḥ ca api vikrāntāḥ pramāṇam sarve eva hi
pramāṇam enam saṃsthāpya paśyadhvam paścimām diśam

SYNONYMS

vikrāntāḥ: triumphant ones | sarve bhavantaḥ ca api: all of, you, also, even | pramāṇam eva hi: archetypes [by yourselves,] thus, indeed | enam pramāṇam samsthāpya: him, as archetype, on instituting | paścimām diśam paśyadhvam = vestern, direction, you śall sī: search. |

TRANSLATION

"Even all of you are triumphant ones and indeed archetypes by yourselves, but instituting him as your archetype you shall search the western direction. [4-42-55]

VERSE 56

दृष्टायाम् तु नरेन्द्रस्या पत्न्याम् अमित तेजसः
कृत कृत्या भविष्यामः कृतस्य प्रतिकर्मणा

dṛṣṭāyām tu narendrasyā patnyām amita tejasaḥ
kṛta kṛtyā bhaviṣyāmaḥ kṛtasya pratikarmaṇā

SYNONYMS

amita tejasaḥ: of unlimited, vitality | nara indrasya patnyām: humans, king's, wife | dṛṣṭāyām = vhile being sīn: if located | tu: only then | kṛtasya prati karmaṇā: what has been done [for us,] in turn, by doing [by reciprocating] | kṛtakṛtyā bhaviṣyāmaḥ: fulfilled, we all will become.] |

TRANSLATION

"We all fulfil ourselves in reciprocating him who has done good to us, only if we can locate Seetha, the wife of the king of humans whose vitality is unlimited, namely Rama. [4-42-56]

VERSE 57

अतो अन्यत् अपि यत् कार्यम् कार्यस्य अस्य प्रियम् भवेत्
संप्रधार्य भवद्भिः च देश काल अर्थ संहितम्

ato anyat api yat kāryam kāryasya asya priyam bhavet
saṃpradhārya bhavadbhiḥ ca deśa kāla artha saṃhitam

SYNONYMS

asya kāryasya: this, work | ataḥ: more than | anyat api: other one, even | yat priyam bhavet: which, conducive to, will be | deśa kāla artha sam hitam: place, time, purpose, verily, which will be conducive to | bhavadbhiḥ sampradhārya ca: by you all, on deciding, also | kāryam: it may be done. |

TRANSLATION

"Even if any other task than this is there, that which shall be conducive to this task, and which shall also be conducive to time, place and purpose, you shall undertake that task also on deciding about it among yourselves." Sugreeva spoke thus to the monkeys going to western direction. [4-42-57]

VERSE 58

इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये किष्किन्ध काण्डे द्वि चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

iti vālmīki rāmāyaṇe ādi kāvye kiṣkindha kāṇḍe dvi catvāriṃśaḥ sargaḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | suṣeṇa pramukhāḥ plavangamāḥ: Sushena, [other] important, fly-jumpers | sugrīva vākyam nipuṇam niśamya: Sugreeva's, sentence, sedulously, on hearing | te sarve: they, all of them | plavaga adhipam = from fly: jumpers, king - Sugreeva | āmantrya: taking leave | varuṇa abhi guptām = by Varuna: Rain-god, verily, cloistered | tām diśam jagmuḥ: to that [west,] direction, they proceeded. |

TRANSLATION

On hearing the sentences of Sugreeva sedulously, then Sushena and the other important fly-jumpers took leave of the king of fly-jumpers, namely Sugreeva, and proceeded along with their individual troops to that western direction which is well cloistered by Varuna, the Rain-god. [4-42-58]