Chapter 39

Kishkindha Kanda - The Empire of Holy Monkeys

VERSE 1

इति ब्रुवाणम् सुग्रीवम् रामो धर्मभृताम् वरः
बाहुभ्याम् संपरिष्वज्य प्रत्युवाच कृतांजलिम्

iti bruvāṇam sugrīvam rāmo dharmabhṛtām varaḥ
bāhubhyām saṃpariṣvajya pratyuvāca kṛtāṃjalim

SYNONYMS

dharma bhṛtām varaḥ: probity, proponent of, the best | rāmaḥ: Rama | iti bruvāṇam kṛtānjalim: thus, who is speaking, with his palms-adjoined | sugrīvam: to such Sugreeva | bāhubhyām: with both arms | sam pari ṣvajya: well embracing | prati uvāca = in reply, spoke: replied. |

TRANSLATION

Rama, the best proponent of probity, happily embraced Sugreeva with both of his arms and replied him who is speaking in this way suppliantly adjoining palms at Rama. [3-39-1]

VERSE 2

यत् इन्द्रो वर्षते वर्षम् न तत् चित्रम् भविष्यति
आदित्यो असौ सहस्रांशुः कुर्यात् वितिमिरम् नभः

yat indro varṣate varṣam na tat citram bhaviṣyati
ādityo asau sahasrāṃśuḥ kuryāt vitimiram nabhaḥ

SYNONYMS

, 3| parantapa: oh, enemy-flamer | saumya = oh, kind one: Sugreeva | indraḥ varṣam: Indra, rain | yat varṣate = vhat for, he rains: the fact that Indra gives rain through Rain-god | sahasra amśuḥ = thousands of, rayed one: one with umpteen sunrays | asau ādityaḥ: that, sun | nabhaḥ vi timiram: sky, without, darkness | kuryāt = makes: the fact that the sun removes darkness | candramā prabhayā rajanīm nirmalām: moon, with his shine, night, shiny | kuryāt makes: the fact of moon's illumining the night | vā api: or, even | tvat vidhaḥ: your, kind of [helpful being] | mitrāṇām prītim kuryāt = to friends, gladness, makes: the fact of gladdening friends | tat = that: sort of helpful nature | na citram bhaviṣyati: no, wonder, it will be. |

TRANSLATION

"There is no wonder, oh, enemy-flamer, if Indra gives rain, or if that thousand-rayed sun makes the sky undark, or if the moon makes night shiny with his moonshine, so also oh, gentle one, if a true-friend of your kind gladdens his indigent-friend, there is no wonder. [3-39-2, 3]

VERSE 4

एवम् त्वयि तत् न चित्रम् भवेत् यत् सौम्य शोभनम्
जानामि अहम् त्वाम् सुग्रीव सततम् प्रिय वादिनम्

evam tvayi tat na citram bhavet yat saumya śobhanam
jānāmi aham tvām sugrīva satatam priya vādinam

SYNONYMS

saumya: oh, nice one | sugrīva: oh, Sugreeva | evam: in this way | tvayi: [which is prevailing] in you | tat: that [helpful nature in doing good deeds] | yat śobhanam: which is, decorous | citram na bhavet: wonder, not, it will be | tvām: you | satatam priya vādinam: always, as affability, exponent of | aham jānāmi: I am, aware of. |

TRANSLATION

"In this way, oh, nice Sugreeva, that helpful nature which is decorously prevailing in you, ushering you for organising the worthwhile, will not be a wonder but natural. I am aware that you have always been the exponent of affability. [3-39-4]

VERSE 5

त्वत् स नाथः सखे संख्ये जेता अस्मि सकलान् अरीन्
त्वम् एव मे सुहृत् मित्रम् साहाय्यम् कर्तुम् अर्हसि

tvat sa nāthaḥ sakhe saṃkhye jetā asmi sakalān arīn
tvam eva me suhṛt mitram sāhāyyam kartum arhasi

SYNONYMS

sakhe: oh, friend | tvat sa nāthaḥ: with you, as, helmsman | sankhye sakalān arīn: in war, all, enemies | jetā asmi: triumphing, I will be | su hṛt mitram: good-hearted, friend | tvam eva: you, alone | me sāhāyyam kartum arhasi: to me, helping hand, to proffer, worthy of you. |

TRANSLATION

"With you as the helmsman, oh, friend, I will be triumphing over all the enemies, and you alone are worthy to proffer a helping hand to me as a good-hearted friend of mine. [3-39-5]

VERSE 6

जहार आत्म विनाशाय वैदेहीम् राक्षस अधमः
वंचयित्वा तु पौलोमीम् अनुह्लादो यथा शचीम्

jahāra ātma vināśāya vaidehīm rākṣasa adhamaḥ
vaṃcayitvā tu paulomīm anuhlādo yathā śacīm

SYNONYMS

rākṣasa adhamaḥ: demon, knavish | vancayitvā vaidehīm: on deceiving, Vaidehi | anuhlādaḥ: demon Anuhlaada | paulomīm: Puloma's daughter | śacīm: Sachi Devi | yathā: as with | ātma vināśāya: for self, extinction | jahāra: carried off. |

TRANSLATION

"That knavish demon Ravana deceitfully carried off Vaidehi for his own extinction, as demon Anuhlaada carried off Sachi Devi, the daughter of Puloma. [3-39-6]

PURPORT

Myth: Shaci Devi, the wife of Indra, is the daughter of a demon called Puloma, the son of Danu. One named Anuhlaada, the son of Hiranyakshyapa, on deceiving Indra abducted Shaci Devi with the consent of her father Puloma. Then Indra infuriated at Puloma, the father of Sachi Devi, for making the abduction possible, killed him. Thereby Indra got a name Pulomajit.
VERSE 7

न चिरात् तम् हनिष्यामि रावणम् निशितैः शरैः
पौलोम्याः पितरम् दृप्तम् शत क्रतुः इव अरिहा

na cirāt tam haniṣyāmi rāvaṇam niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ
paulomyāḥ pitaram dṛptam śata kratuḥ iva arihā

SYNONYMS

tam rāvaṇam: him, that Ravana | na cirāt: not, long after [as soon as possible] | ari hā: enemy, slayer | śata kratuḥ: hundred, ritual performer [Indra] | paulomyāḥ: Paulomii [Shaci's] | dṛptam pitaram iva: insolent, father, as with | niśitaiḥ śaraiḥ han iṣyāmi: with sharp, arrows, I wish to eliminate. |

TRANSLATION

"As soon as possible I wish to eliminate that Ravana with sharp arrows, as has been done by the enemy slyer Indra when he eliminated the insolent father of Sachi Devi, namely Puloma." Thus Rama is about to tell other things to Sugreeva, but... [3-39-7]

VERSE 8

एतस्मिन् अन्तरे च एव रजः समभिवर्तत
उष्णाम् तीव्राम् सहस्रांशोः छादयत् गगने प्रभाम्

etasmin antare ca eva rajaḥ samabhivartata
uṣṇām tīvrām sahasrāṃśoḥ chādayat gagane prabhām

SYNONYMS

etasmin antare: in this, meanwhile | gagane: on sky | sahasra amśoḥ: of thousand-rayed one [sun's] | uṣṇām tīvrām prabhām: scorching, intense, radiation | chādayat: covering | rajaḥ: dust | sam abhivartata = started: dust started to overcast sky. |

TRANSLATION

In the meanwhile dust started to overcast the sky covering the intensely scorching radiation of the sun. [3-39-8]

VERSE 9

दिशः पर्याकुलाः च आसन् तमसा तेन दूषिताः
चचाल च मही सर्वा स शैल वन कानना

diśaḥ paryākulāḥ ca āsan tamasā tena dūṣitāḥ
cacāla ca mahī sarvā sa śaila vana kānanā

SYNONYMS

tena: by that | tamasā = by darkness: [rajasaa = dust] | dūṣitāḥ: stained | diśaḥ paryākulāḥ ca āsan: directions, confound, also, became | sa śaila vana kānanā: with, mountains, woods, forests | sarvā mahī ca: entire, earth, also | cacāla: wobbled. |

TRANSLATION

Stained with that darkness the directions are confounded, and the entire earth together with its mountains, woods, and forests has wobbled. [3-39-9]

VERSE 10

ततो नगेन्द्र संकाशैः तीक्ष्ण दन्ष्ट्रैः महाबलैः
कृत्स्ना संछादिता भूमिः असंख्येयैः प्लवंगमैः

tato nagendra saṃkāśaiḥ tīkṣṇa danṣṭraiḥ mahābalaiḥ
kṛtsnā saṃchāditā bhūmiḥ asaṃkhyeyaiḥ plavaṃgamaiḥ

SYNONYMS

, 11, 12, 13| tataḥ: then | naga indra samkāśaiḥ = monkeys vho are: mountain, lofty, similar to - mountainous in size | tīkṣṇa danṣṭraiḥ: with excruciating, fangs | mahābalaiḥ: abnormally mighty ones | a sankhyeyaiḥ = in not, calculable: masses | plavangamaiḥ: with fly-jumpers | kṛtsnā bhūmiḥ: entire, earth | nimeṣa antara mātreṇa: split-second, within, just | sam chāditā: verily, overspread | tataḥ: then | hari yūthapaiḥ: with monkey, commanders | koṭī śata parīvāraiḥ: with crores [millions,] hundreds of, legions [of monkeys] | kāma rūpibhiḥ: with by wish, guise-changers | nādeyaiḥ: pertaining to rivers | pārvateyaiḥ ca: pertaining to mountains, also | sāmudraiḥ ca: pertaining to oceans, also | mahābalaiḥ haribhiḥ: of amazing, strength, with monkeys | megha nirhrādaiḥ = vhose blaring vill be like: clouds, crashing | anyaiḥ: with others | vana vāsibhiḥ ca: forests, dwellers, also | taruṇa āditya varṇaiḥ ca: tender, sun, in colour [complexion,] also | śaśi gauraiḥ ca: moon, white [in complexion,] also | padma kesara varṇaiḥ ca: lotus, fibril, with [body] colour, also | śvetaiḥ meru kṛta ālayaiḥ: who are snow-white ones, who on Mt. Meru, made, their dwelling | taiḥ vānaraiḥ: by [such of] them, vanara-s | [bhūmiḥ: ground is] | āvṛtā: enshrouded with them. |

TRANSLATION

In a split-second the entire ground is then enshrouded with incalculable fly-jumpers whose size is mountainous, fangs excruciating, and might abnormal, and each monkey commander is surrounded with hundreds of millions of legions of monkeys, who by their wish can change of their guise, and these monkeys of amazing strength have come crashing war-whoops as clouds letting out thunders while they are on their way from their habitation like riversides, seashores, mountains, and some other monkeys have come from forests as they are forest dwellers, and in the vast of masses their complexion alone remained as an identity to their habitation, like the stripe of tender-sun of some monkeys is marking them from the place of rising sun, moon-white body colour of some more telling that they are from the place of nightly moon, and the colour of skin looking like lotus-fibrils of many more indicates that they are from fertile watery lands, and the snow-white complexion of yet some more indicates that the dwelling place of those monkeys is Mt. Meru. [3-39-10, 11, 12, 13]

VERSE 14

कोटी सहस्रैः दशभिः श्रीमान् परिवृतः तदा
वीरः शतबलिः नाम वानरः प्रत्यदृश्यत

koṭī sahasraiḥ daśabhiḥ śrīmān parivṛtaḥ tadā
vīraḥ śatabaliḥ nāma vānaraḥ pratyadṛśyata

SYNONYMS

tadā: at that time | daśabhiḥ koṭī sahasraiḥ = ten, crore, thousands: ten thousand crores - a lakh of crores | pari vṛtaḥ = around, encircled: hemmed in | śrīmān vīraḥ: distinguished, valorous one | śatabaliḥ nāma vānaraḥ: brave, Shatabali, named, Vanara | pratyadṛśyata [prati a dṛśyata] = = came into viev: by Rama and others. |

TRANSLATION

In the meantime the arrival of a distinguished and valorous vanara named Shatabali, hemmed in with ten thousand crores of vanara-s, came into the view of Rama and others. [3-39-14]

VERSE 15

ततः कांचन शैल आभः ताराया वीर्यवान् पिता
अनेकैः बहु साहस्रैः कोटिभिः प्रत्यदृश्यत

tataḥ kāṃcana śaila ābhaḥ tārāyā vīryavān pitā
anekaiḥ bahu sāhasraiḥ koṭibhiḥ pratyadṛśyata

SYNONYMS

tataḥ kāncana śaila ābhaḥ: then, golden, mountain, in sheen | tārāyā pitā: Lady Tara's, father [Sushena] | vīryavān: valorous one | bahu sāhasraiḥ koṭibhiḥ: many, thousands, of crores | an ekaiḥ: with not one, with multitudinous monkeys | pratyadṛśyata: appeared. |

TRANSLATION

Sushena, the father of Lady Tara, a valorous one with the sheen of golden mountain then appeared with very many thousands of crores of vanara-s. [3-39-15]

VERSE 16

तथा अपरेण कोटीनाम् साहस्रेण समन्वितः
पिता रुमयाः संप्राप्तः सुग्रीव श्वशुरो विभुः

tathā apareṇa koṭīnām sāhasreṇa samanvitaḥ
pitā rumayāḥ saṃprāptaḥ sugrīva śvaśuro vibhuḥ

SYNONYMS

tathā: like that | vibhuḥ: most efficient [vanara-chief] | rumayāḥ pitā: Ruma's, father | sugrīva śvaśuraḥ: Sugreeva's, father-in-law | apareṇa: with another | koṭīnām sāhasreṇa samanvitaḥ = of crores, a thousand, folloved by: monkey troops | samprāptaḥ = has becanced: arrived. |

TRANSLATION

Like that the most efficient vanara-chief Taara, the father of Ruma and Sugreeva's father-in-law, turned up with another thousand crores of vanara-s following him. [3-39-16]

VERSE 17

पद्म केसर संकाशः तरुण अर्क निभ आननः
बुद्धिमान् वानर श्रेष्ठः सर्व वानर सत्तमः

padma kesara saṃkāśaḥ taruṇa arka nibha ānanaḥ
buddhimān vānara śreṣṭhaḥ sarva vānara sattamaḥ

SYNONYMS

padma kesara samkāśaḥ: lotus, fibril, in gleam | taruṇa arka nibha ānanaḥ: young, sun, glittering, visage | buddhimān: intellectual | vānara śreṣṭhaḥ: among vanara-s, the prominent one | sarva vānara sattamaḥ: among all, vanara-s, graceful one | hanumataḥ pitā: Hanuma's, father | śrīmān kesarī: honourable, Kesari | bahu sāhasraiḥ: very, many, thousands of | vānarāṇām: of vanara-s | anīkaiḥ: with army | samanvitaḥ: associated with | pratyadṛśyata: came into view. |

TRANSLATION

Honourable Kesari, the father of Hanuma, with his bodily gleam like that of the fibrils of lotuses and visage glittering in the gleam of nascent sun, and who is an intellectual, graceful and prominent vanara among all the vanara-s, then came into view associated with thousands and thousands of armies of vanara-s. [3-39-17]

VERSE 19

गो लांगूल महाराजो गवाक्षो भीम विक्रमः
वृतः कोटि सहस्रेण वानराणाम् अदृश्यत

go lāṃgūla mahārājo gavākṣo bhīma vikramaḥ
vṛtaḥ koṭi sahasreṇa vānarāṇām adṛśyata

SYNONYMS

vānarāṇām koṭi sahasreṇa: vanara-s, crores, thousand | vṛtaḥ: encircled by | golāngūla mahārājaḥ: baboons, sovereign | bhīma vikramaḥ: formidably, adventurous one | gavākṣaḥ adṛśyata: Gavaaksha, is seen. |

TRANSLATION

Gavaaksha, the formidably adventurous sovereign of baboons is then seen encircled by a thousand crore vanara-s. [3-39-19]

VERSE 20

ऋक्षाणाम् भीम वेगानाम् धूम्रः शत्रु निबर्हणः
वृतः कोटि सहस्राभ्याम् द्वाभ्याम् समभिवर्तत

ṛkṣāṇām bhīma vegānām dhūmraḥ śatru nibarhaṇaḥ
vṛtaḥ koṭi sahasrābhyām dvābhyām samabhivartata

SYNONYMS

śatru nibarhaṇaḥ: enemy, destroyer | dhūmraḥ: Dhuumra | bhīma vegānām ṛkṣāṇām: of frightful, fastness, with bears | dvābhyām koṭi sahasrābhyām: with two, crore, thousands | vṛtaḥ: surrounded by | sam abhi vartata = verily, to fore, coursed: marched forward. |

TRANSLATION

Dhuumra, the enemy destroyer, marched to the fore of Rama and others surrounded with two thousand crores of bears which have frightful fastness. [3-39-20]

VERSE 21

महा अचल निभैः घोरैः पनसो नाम यूथपः
आजगाम महावीर्यः तिसृभिः कोटिभिः वृतः

mahā acala nibhaiḥ ghoraiḥ panaso nāma yūthapaḥ
ājagāma mahāvīryaḥ tisṛbhiḥ koṭibhiḥ vṛtaḥ

SYNONYMS

panasaḥ nāma: Panasa, named | mahāvīryaḥ: highly valorous | yūthapaḥ: a commander | tisṛbhiḥ koṭibhiḥ = vith thrī, crores: of vanara-s | mahā acala nibhaiḥ ghoraiḥ: gigantic, mountain, beaming forth like, horrendous | vṛtaḥ: attended by | ājagāma: came up. |

TRANSLATION

The highly valorous commander named Panasa has then arrived attended by a three crore legion of horrendous vanara-s who are beaming forth like gigantic mountains. [3-39-21]

VERSE 22

नील अंजन चय आकारो नीलो नाम अथ यूथपः
अदृश्यत महाकायः कोटिभिः दशभिः वृतः

nīla aṃjana caya ākāro nīlo nāma atha yūthapaḥ
adṛśyata mahākāyaḥ koṭibhiḥ daśabhiḥ vṛtaḥ

SYNONYMS

atha: now | daśabhiḥ koṭibhiḥ = vith ten, crores: of vanara-s | vṛtaḥ: encircled by | nīla anjana caya ākāraḥ: black, mascara, mound, in shape | mahā kāyaḥ: colossally, bodied | nīlaḥ nāma yūthapaḥ: Niila, named, then, commander | adṛśyata: has come into view. |

TRANSLATION

Commander Niila has then come into view with his colossal and blackish mascara mound-like body encircled by ten crores of vanara-s that are selfsame to their leader. [3-39-22]

VERSE 23

ततः कांचन आभो गवयो नाम यूथपः
आजगाम महावीर्यः कोटिभिः पंचभिः वृतः

tataḥ kāṃcana ābho gavayo nāma yūthapaḥ
ājagāma mahāvīryaḥ koṭibhiḥ paṃcabhiḥ vṛtaḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | kāncana [śaila] ābhaḥ: golden, [mountain,] in sheen | mahāvīryaḥ: great-mighty one | gavayaḥ nāma yūthapaḥ: Gavaya, named, commander | pancabhiḥ koṭibhiḥ vṛtaḥ = vith five, crores: of army, surrounded by | ājagāma: came forth. |

TRANSLATION

Then the great-mighty commander named Gavaya whose bodily sheen is like that of a golden mountain has come forth surrounded by five crores of vanara-s. [3-39-23]

VERSE 24

दरीमुखः च बलवान् यूथपो अभ्याययौ तदा
वृतः कोटि सहस्रेण सुग्रीवम् समुपस्थितः

darīmukhaḥ ca balavān yūthapo abhyāyayau tadā
vṛtaḥ koṭi sahasreṇa sugrīvam samupasthitaḥ

SYNONYMS

tadā: then | balavān darīmukhaḥ ca: mighty one, Dariimukha, also | yūthapaḥ: commander | koṭi sahasreṇa: crores, thousand | vṛtaḥ: along with | abhyāyayau [abhi ā yayau]: came nigh of | sugrīvam sam upa sthitaḥ: to Sugreeva, verily, nearby, stayed. |

TRANSLATION

Dariimukha, the mighty commander then came along with a thousand crore vanara-s and he stayed nearby Sugreeva drawing nigh of him. [3-39-24]

VERSE 25

मैन्दः च द्विविदः च उभौ अश्वि पुत्रौ महाबलौ
कोटि कोटि सहस्रेण वानराणाम् अदृश्यताम्

maindaḥ ca dvividaḥ ca ubhau aśvi putrau mahābalau
koṭi koṭi sahasreṇa vānarāṇām adṛśyatām

SYNONYMS

mahā balau: great-mighty ones | aśvi putrau: Ashvani twin's, sons of | maindaḥ ca dvividaḥ ca: Mainda, also, Dvivida, also | ubhau: two of them | vānarāṇām: of vanara-s | koṭi koṭi sahasreṇa = crore, crore, vith thousand: each with a thousand crore vanara-s | adṛśyatām: are seen. |

TRANSLATION

Both Mainda and Dvivida, the great-mighty sons Ashvini-twin gods have then appeared, each with a thousand crore vanara-s. [3-39-25]

VERSE 26

गजः च बलवान् वीरः त्रिसृभिः कोटिभिः वृतः
आजगाम महातेजाः सुग्रीवस्य समीपतः

gajaḥ ca balavān vīraḥ trisṛbhiḥ koṭibhiḥ vṛtaḥ
ājagāma mahātejāḥ sugrīvasya samīpataḥ

SYNONYMS

balavān vīraḥ mahātejāḥ: mighty, braving, highly resplendent one | gajaḥ ca: Gaja, also | trisṛbhiḥ koṭibhiḥ vṛtaḥ: three, corers [of vanara-s,] encompassed by | sugrīvasya samīpataḥ ājagāma: to Sugreeva's, nearby, came forth. |

TRANSLATION

The mighty, braving and highly resplendent Gaja came forth to the near of Sugreeva encompassed by three crores of vanara-s. [3-39-26]

VERSE 27

ऋक्ष राजो महातेजा जांबवान् नाम नामतः
कोटिभिः दशभिः व्याप्तः सुग्रीवस्य वशे स्थितः

ṛkṣa rājo mahātejā jāṃbavān nāma nāmataḥ
koṭibhiḥ daśabhiḥ vyāptaḥ sugrīvasya vaśe sthitaḥ

SYNONYMS

mahātejā: highly resplendent one | nāmataḥ jāmbavān nāma: by name, Jambavanta, renowned one | ṛkśa rājaḥ: bears, king | daśabhiḥ koṭibhiḥ = ten, crores: of bears | vyāptaḥ: spreading around him | sugrīvasya vaśe sthitaḥ = ṣugrīva's, under control, stayed: stood firm. |

TRANSLATION

A great resplendent one who is renowned by his name Jambavanta has then come with a brigade of ten crore bears spreading around him and stood firm under the control of Sugreeva. [3-39-27]

VERSE 28

रुमणो नाम तेजस्वी विक्रान्तैः वानरैः वृतः
आगतो बलवान् तूर्णम् कोटि शत समावृतः

rumaṇo nāma tejasvī vikrāntaiḥ vānaraiḥ vṛtaḥ
āgato balavān tūrṇam koṭi śata samāvṛtaḥ

SYNONYMS

vi krāntaiḥ vānaraiḥ vṛtaḥ: with highly, venturesome, vanara-s, surrounded by | tejasvī balavān rumaṇaḥ nāma: blaze like, mighty one, Rumana, named | koṭi śata samāvṛtaḥ: crore, hundred, along with | tūrṇam āgataḥ: swiftly, came. |

TRANSLATION

A blaze-like mighty vanara named Rumana came swiftly surrounded with a hundred crore legion of vanara-s who are highly venturesome. [3-39-28]

VERSE 29

ततः कोटि सहस्राणाम् सहस्रेण शतेन च
पृष्ठतो अनुगतः प्राप्तो हरिभिः गंधमादनः

tataḥ koṭi sahasrāṇām sahasreṇa śatena ca
pṛṣṭhato anugataḥ prāpto haribhiḥ gaṃdhamādanaḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ koṭi sahasrāṇām: then, crore, thousand | sahasreṇa śatena ca: thousand, hundreds, also | haribhiḥ: with vanara-s | pṛṣṭhataḥ anugataḥ: at behind, followed by | gandha mādanaḥ: Gandhamaadana | prāptaḥ: has arrived. |

TRANSLATION

Gandhamaadana has then arrived while ten thousand crores and hundred thousand crores of monkeys are following him at his behind. [3-39-29]

VERSE 30

ततः पद्म सहस्रेण वृतः शन्कु शतेन च
युव राजो अंगदः प्राप्तः पितृ तुल्य पराक्रमः

tataḥ padma sahasreṇa vṛtaḥ śanku śatena ca
yuva rājo aṃgadaḥ prāptaḥ pitṛ tulya parākramaḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | pitṛ tulya parākramaḥ: father [Vali,] matching, in valour | yuva rājaḥ angadaḥ: crown-prince, Angada | padma sahasreṇa: padma-s, a thousand of | śanku śatena ca: shanku, a hundred of, also | vṛtaḥ: encompassed by | prāptaḥ: turned up |

TRANSLATION

Angada, the crown prince of Kishkindha, who matches his father Vali in valour has then turned up with a thousand padma legions and a hundred shanku legions of vanara-s. [3-39-30]

VERSE 31

ततः तारा द्युतिः तारो हरिः भीम पराक्रमः
पंचभिः हरि कोटीभिः दूरतः प्रत्यदृश्यत

tataḥ tārā dyutiḥ tāro hariḥ bhīma parākramaḥ
paṃcabhiḥ hari koṭībhiḥ dūrataḥ pratyadṛśyata

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | tārā dyutiḥ: stars, who has the sparkle of | bhīma parākramaḥ: of remarkable, valour | tāraḥ hariḥ: Tara, the monkey | pancabhiḥ hariḥ koṭībhiḥ: with five, monkey, crores | dūrataḥ: at a distance | pratyadṛśyata: has appeared. |

TRANSLATION

Tara, the vanara-commander, whose sparkle is as that of stars and whose valour is remarkable then appeared at a distance with five crore monkeys. [3-39-31]

VERSE 32

इन्द्रजानुः कपिः वीरो यूथपः प्रत्यदृश्यत
एकादशानाम् कोटीनाम् ईश्वरः तैः च सम्वृतः

indrajānuḥ kapiḥ vīro yūthapaḥ pratyadṛśyata
ekādaśānām koṭīnām īśvaraḥ taiḥ ca samvṛtaḥ

SYNONYMS

ekādaśānām koṭīnām: for eleven, crores [of monkeys] | īśvaraḥ: chief of | vīraḥ yūthapaḥ: very bold, commander | indrajānuḥ kapiḥ: Indrajaanu, [named] monkey | taiḥ = vith them: with such a kind of, selfsame vanara-s | samvṛtaḥ: encompassed by | praty adṛśyata: appeared. |

TRANSLATION

Indrajaanu, the brave monkey commander who is the chief of eleven crores of monkeys has appeared then encompassed by selfsame vanara troopers. [3-39-32]

VERSE 33

ततो रंभः तु अनुप्राप्तः तरुण आदित्य संनिभः
आयुतेन वृतः चैव सहस्रेण शतेन च

tato raṃbhaḥ tu anuprāptaḥ taruṇa āditya saṃnibhaḥ
āyutena vṛtaḥ caiva sahasreṇa śatena ca

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | taruṇa āditya sannibhaḥ: tender, sun, similar in shine | rambhaḥ: Rambha | āyutena sahasreṇa: with aayuta-s, thousand of | śatena ca: plus a hundred, also | vṛtaḥ: surrounded by | anuprāptaḥ: has come. |

TRANSLATION

Rambha whose bodily glow is like that of tender-sun has then come forth fenced in a thousand plus a hundred of aayuta -s of vanara legions. [3-39-33]

VERSE 34

ततो यूथ पतिः वीरो दुर्मुखो नाम वानरः
प्रत्यदृश्यत कोटिभ्याम् द्वाभ्याम् परिवृतो बली

tato yūtha patiḥ vīro durmukho nāma vānaraḥ
pratyadṛśyata koṭibhyām dvābhyām parivṛto balī

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | yūtha patiḥ: legion, commander | vīraḥ: braving one | balī: powerful one | durmukhaḥ nāma vānaraḥ: Durmukha, named, vanara | dvābhyām koṭibhyām parivṛtaḥ: with two, crores [of vanara-s,] encompassed by | pratyadṛśyata: has appeared. |

TRANSLATION

A braving and powerful legion commander of vanara-s named Durmukha has then appeared encompassed with two crores of vanara-s. [3-39-34]

VERSE 35

कैलास शिखर आकारैः वानरैः भीम विक्रमैः
वृतः कोटि सहस्रेण हनुमान् प्रत्यदृश्यत

kailāsa śikhara ākāraiḥ vānaraiḥ bhīma vikramaiḥ
vṛtaḥ koṭi sahasreṇa hanumān pratyadṛśyata

SYNONYMS

hanumān: Hanuma | kailāsa śikhara ākāraiḥ: Mt. Kailash, summits, in shape of | bhīma vikramaiḥ: of formidable, bravery | koṭi sahasreṇa: crore, thousand | vānaraiḥ: with vanara-s | vṛtaḥ: encompassed by | pratyadṛśyata: appeared. |

TRANSLATION

Then Hanuma appeared with a thousand crore vanara-s encompassing him who in shape are like the summits of Mt. Kailash and whose bravery is formidable. [3-39-35]

VERSE 36

नलः च अपि महावीर्यः संवृतो द्रुम वासिभिः
कोटी शतेन संप्राप्तः सहस्रेण शतेन च

nalaḥ ca api mahāvīryaḥ saṃvṛto druma vāsibhiḥ
koṭī śatena saṃprāptaḥ sahasreṇa śatena ca

SYNONYMS

mahāvīryaḥ: highly, vigorous one | nalaḥ ca api: Nala, also, even | koṭī śatena: crores, hundred | sahasreṇa śatena ca: thousand, hundred | druma vāsibhiḥ: on tree, dwellers [monkeys] | samvṛtaḥ: surrounded with | samprāptaḥ: arrived. |

TRANSLATION

Highly vigorous Nala has also arrived while he is surrounded with a hundred crore one thousand and one hundred monkeys, the dwellers on trees. [3-39-36]

VERSE 37

ततो दधिमुखः श्रीमान् कोटिभिः दशभिः वृतः
संप्राप्तो अभिनदन् तस्य सुग्रीवस्य महात्मनः

tato dadhimukhaḥ śrīmān koṭibhiḥ daśabhiḥ vṛtaḥ
saṃprāpto abhinadan tasya sugrīvasya mahātmanaḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | śrīmān dadhimukhaḥ: salutary one, Dadhimukha | daśabhiḥ koṭibhiḥ vṛtaḥ: ten, crores, encircled by | abhi nadan: highly, blaring | tasya mahā atmanaḥ sugrīvasya: to that, great-souled one, to Sugreeva | samprāptaḥ: arrived. |

TRANSLATION

Dadhimukha, the salutary vanara-chief then arrived at the near of that great-souled Sugreeva encircled by a ten crore vanara-s who are all blaring highly. [3-39-37]

VERSE 38

शरभः कुमुदो वह्निः वानरो रंहः एव च
एते च अन्ये च बहवो वानराः काम रूपिणः

śarabhaḥ kumudo vahniḥ vānaro raṃhaḥ eva ca
ete ca anye ca bahavo vānarāḥ kāma rūpiṇaḥ

SYNONYMS

, 39| śarabhaḥ kumudaḥ: Sharabha, Kumuda | vānaraḥ vahniḥ: vanara, Vahni | ramhaḥ eva ca: Ramha, even, also | ete kāma rūpiṇaḥ: these are, by wish, guise-changers | anye ca bahavaḥ: others, also, many of them | eṣām sankhyā na vidyate: whose, count, not, known | vānarāḥ: vanara-s | yūthapāḥ: their commanders | sarvām: in entirety | pṛthivīm: earth | parvatān ca vanāni ca: mountains, also, forests, also | āvṛtya: overspreading | samanuprāptā: presented themselves. |

TRANSLATION

Sharabha, Kumuda, Vahni, also even Ramha, these and many other vanara-s have come who by their wish are the guise-changers. And many of those other commanders who have presented themselves along with their troops, overspreading the earth inclusive of its mountains and forests, their count is unknown. [3-39-38, 39]

VERSE 40

आगताः च निविष्टाः च पृथिव्याम् सर्व वानराः
आप्लवंतः प्लवंतः च गर्जंतः च प्लवंगमाः
अभ्यवर्तन्त
सुग्रीवम् सूर्यम् अभ्र गणा इव

āgatāḥ ca niviṣṭāḥ ca pṛthivyām sarva vānarāḥ
āplavaṃtaḥ plavaṃtaḥ ca garjaṃtaḥ ca plavaṃgamāḥ
abhyavartanta
sugrīvam sūryam abhra gaṇā iva

SYNONYMS

plavamgamāḥ: fly-jumpers | āplavantaḥ: by swinging | plavantaḥ ca: by flying, also | garjantaḥ ca: thundering, also | pṛthivyām sarva vānarāḥ: on earth, all, monkeys | āgatāḥ ca niviṣṭāḥ ca: arrived, also, settled down, also | sūryam abhra gaṇā iva: at sun, clouds [cramming,] number of, like | sugrīvam: at Sugreeva | abhyavartanta [abhi ava vṛt: before, they moved,] presented themselves before Sugreeva. |

TRANSLATION

All those fly-jumpers arrived by swinging, flying and thundering, and all of the monkeys on earth have arrived thus, presented themselves and settled down around Sugreeva as if a number of clouds are cramming the sun. [3-39-40]

VERSE 41

कुर्वाणा बहु शब्दान् च प्रकृष्टा बलशालिनः
शिरोभिः वानरेन्द्राय सुग्रीवाय न्यवेदयन्

kurvāṇā bahu śabdān ca prakṛṣṭā balaśālinaḥ
śirobhiḥ vānarendrāya sugrīvāya nyavedayan

SYNONYMS

prakṛṣṭāḥ: outstanding ones | bāhu śālinaḥ: having sturdy arms, arms are the only weapons to them | bahu śabdān kurvāṇāḥ ca: many, hues and [war] cries, while making, also [while they are arriving] | śirobhiḥ: with [raised] heads | vānara idrāya sugrīvāya: to vanara-king, Sugreeva | nyavedayan = submitted [themselves: informed of their arrival with raised heads.] |

TRANSLATION

While arriving those monkeys made many a hue and cry of war, and those outstanding monkeys who are armed with a pair of their own arms have informed the vanara king Sugreeva about their arrival by tilting up their heads as in roll-call or in headcount. [3-39-41]

VERSE 42

अपरे वानर श्रेष्ठाः संगम्य च यथा उचितम्
सुग्रीवेण समागम्य स्थिताः प्रांजलयः तदा

apare vānara śreṣṭhāḥ saṃgamya ca yathā ucitam
sugrīveṇa samāgamya sthitāḥ prāṃjalayaḥ tadā

SYNONYMS

apare: some other | vānara śreṣṭhāḥ: vanara, leaders | yathā ucitam: as, befitting | sangamya ca: coming together, also | sugrīveṇa samāgamya: with Sugreeva, on meeting | tadā: then | prānjalayaḥ sthitāḥ: with palms-adjoined, stayed behind. |

TRANSLATION

As befitting to them the other vanara leaders have come together to meet Sugreeva, and on their meeting with Sugreeva then they stayed behind with their palms adjoined. [3-39-42]

VERSE 43

सुग्रीवः त्वरितो रामे सर्वान् तान् वानरर्षभान्
निवेदयित्वा धर्मज्ञः स्थितः प्रान्जलिः अब्रवीत्

sugrīvaḥ tvarito rāme sarvān tān vānararṣabhān
nivedayitvā dharmajñaḥ sthitaḥ prānjaliḥ abravīt

SYNONYMS

dharmajñaḥ: rectitude, knower of | sugrīvaḥ: Sugreeva | tvaritaḥ: promptly | prānjaliḥ sthitaḥ: with adjoined palms, staying | tān sarvān vānara ṛṣabhān: them, all, vanara-s, prominent ones | rāme: to Rama | nivedayitvā: having informed about them | abravīt: addressed [the monkeys that are forgathered.] |

TRANSLATION

Then Sugreeva, the knower of rectitude, promptly informed about all of those paramount monkeys to Rama as to who is who, and staying with folded palms he addressed the forgathered monkey chiefs. [3-39-43]

VERSE 44

इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये किष्किन्ध काण्डे एकोन चत्वारिंशः सर्गः

iti vālmīki rāmāyaṇe ādi kāvye kiṣkindha kāṇḍe ekona catvāriṃśaḥ sargaḥ

SYNONYMS

vānara indrāḥ: oh, vanara-chiefs | parvata nirjhareṣu: on mountains, at riversides | sarveṣu vaneṣu ca: everywhere, in forests, also | yathā sukham: according, to you comfort | vidhivat: procedurally | balāni niveśayitvā: troops, on camping if you camp the troops properly | bala jñaḥ = force: knower - Rama | balam: forcefulness [of your troops] | pratipattum: to infer | īṣṭe = he: Rama - desires to - he expects to, as a kind of guard of honour. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, chiefs of vanara-s, on procedurally camping your forces everywhere on mountains, at riversides, and in forests according their comfort, the knower of absolute force, Rama, expects to inspect them to infer the forcefulness of your forces. [3-39-44]

PURPORT

The count of the monkeys who followed their leaders cannot be rendered into million, billion counts, precisely. But when all of them are put together they result into the numerals as contained in Yajur Veda taittariiya as said in Dharmaakuutam. ekaa ca dasha shatam ca sahasram ca ayutam ca prayutam ca nyavrindam ca samudraH ca madhyam ca antaH ca paraadhaH Yajur Veda taittariiya vaanara pramukhaa mahaa prabhaavaa dasha sahasra koTi bR^inda khara nikharva anta madhya paraardha aneka paraardha sa~NkhyaakaiH aprameya paraakramaiH vaanaraiH parivR^itaa samaagataaH sugriiveNa ca yathaa sukham viniveshitaaH ca - Dharmaakuutam - Further he goes on to quote Leelavati mathematics: liilaavatii gaNita shaastre siddhanta shiromaNe -