Chapter 36

Kishkindha Kanda - The Empire of Holy Monkeys

VERSE 1

इति उक्तः तारया वाक्यम् प्रश्रितम् धर्म संहितम्
मृदु स्वभावः सौमित्रिः प्रतिजग्राह तत् वचः

iti uktaḥ tārayā vākyam praśritam dharma saṃhitam
mṛdu svabhāvaḥ saumitriḥ pratijagrāha tat vacaḥ

SYNONYMS

iti tārayā: in that way, by Tara | praśritam: having submissiveness -words | dharma samhitam vākyam = probity, imbibed, sentence: argument | uktaḥ = he vho is said: Lakshmana | mṛdu svabhāvaḥ saumitriḥ = of tender, nature: soft-natured one, Soumitri | tat vacaḥ prati jagrāha = that, vord, received: assented her perspective. |

TRANSLATION

In that way when Tara has submissively argued with words containing probity, Saumitri gave assent to her perspective as he is soft by his nature. [4-36-1]

VERSE 2

तस्मिन् प्रतिगृहीते तु वाक्ये हरि गण ईश्वरः
लक्ष्मणात् सुमहत् त्रासम् वस्त्रम् क्लिन्नम् इव अत्यजत्

tasmin pratigṛhīte tu vākye hari gaṇa īśvaraḥ
lakṣmaṇāt sumahat trāsam vastram klinnam iva atyajat

SYNONYMS

tasmin pratigṛhīte tu vākye: that [word,] on conceding, but, [by Lakshmana] | hari gaṇa īśvaraḥ: monkey, troops, king | lakṣmaṇāt su mahat trāsam: of Lakshmana, highly, intense, scare | klinnam vastram iva: cloth, dampened, as with |

TRANSLATION

And when Lakshmana conceded to that argument of Tara, Sugreeva, the king of monkey-troops, got rid of his highly intense scare of Lakshmana, like the riddance of a dampened cloth. [4-36-2]

PURPORT

This may be said as: 'Sugreeva lost his scare as a dampened cloth looses its water on squeezing it. But here there is no squeezing.
VERSE 3

ततः कण्ठ गतम् माल्यम् चित्रम् बहु गुणम् महत्
चिच्छेद विमदः च आसीत् सुग्रीवो वानर ईश्वरः

tataḥ kaṇṭha gatam mālyam citram bahu guṇam mahat
ciccheda vimadaḥ ca āsīt sugrīvo vānara īśvaraḥ

SYNONYMS

tataḥ: then | vānara īśvaraḥ sugrīvaḥ: Vanara-s, king, Sugreeva | kaṇṭha gatam: neck, enwreathing | citram: admirable | bahu guṇam: having several, attributes [according gratifications, or, one with several strands] | mahat mālyam: superb, garland | ciccheda: ripped apart | vi madaḥ ca āsīt = vithout, insobriety, also, he became: he became sober. |

TRANSLATION

Sugreeva, the king of vanara-s, then ripped apart the superb garland which is so far enwreathing his neck, and which has several strands according several gratifications, and he also became sober as though the insobriety is ripped from his mind. [4-36-3]

VERSE 4

स लक्ष्मणम् भीम बलम् सर्व वानर सत्तमः
अब्रवीत् प्रश्रितम् वाक्यम् सुग्रीवः संप्रहर्षयन्

sa lakṣmaṇam bhīma balam sarva vānara sattamaḥ
abravīt praśritam vākyam sugrīvaḥ saṃpraharṣayan

SYNONYMS

sarva vānara sattamaḥ: among all, Vaanara-s, [most] powerful one | saḥ sugrīvaḥ: he, Sugreeva | bhīma balam lakṣmaṇam: one with [most] formidable, prowess, to Lakshmana | sam pra harṣayan = very, vell, to please: placatingly | praśritam vākyam abravīt: humble, sentence, he spoke. |

TRANSLATION

Sugreeva who is the most powerful one among all vanara-s, then placatingly spoke this humble sentence to Lakshmana, whose prowess is most formidable. [4-36-4]

VERSE 5

प्रनष्टा श्रीः च कीर्तिः च कपि राज्यम् च शाश्वतम्
राम प्रसादात् सौमित्रे पुनः च आप्तम् इदम् मया

pranaṣṭā śrīḥ ca kīrtiḥ ca kapi rājyam ca śāśvatam
rāma prasādāt saumitre punaḥ ca āptam idam mayā

SYNONYMS

saumitre: O, Soumitri | pra naṣṭā = completely lost: mislaid | śrīḥ ca kīrtiḥ ca: prosperity, also, prominence, also | śāśvatam kapi rājyam ca: perpetual, kingdom, of monkeys, also | idam: all this | rāma prasādāt: at Rama's, beneficence | mayā punaḥ āptam ca: by me, again, recouped, also. |

TRANSLATION

"My prosperity, prominence and this perpetual kingdom of monkeys are once mislaid, but oh, Soumitri, I regained all this just by the beneficence of Rama. [4-36-5]

VERSE 6

कः शक्तः तस्य देवस्य ख्यातस्य स्वेन कर्मणा
तादृशम् प्रतिकुर्वीत अंशेन अपि नृपात्मज

kaḥ śaktaḥ tasya devasya khyātasya svena karmaṇā
tādṛśam pratikurvīta aṃśena api nṛpātmaja

SYNONYMS

nṛpa ātmaja: O, king's, son [prince] | svena karmaṇā khyātasya: by his own, course of action, renowned | devasya tasya: of lord, of him [Rama] | śaktaḥ kaḥ: a capable one, who is | amśena api: by fraction, even | tādṛśam: that kind of [inestimable help, or that kind of Rama] | prati kurvīta: who is, in turn, to do [requital, or, doing against, repudiate.] |

TRANSLATION

"Who is capable of requiting Rama, oh, prince Lakshmana, even by a fraction of that kind of inestimable help taken from him, as that lord is renowned by actions particular to himself, like daring and eliminating Vali. "Who is capable of repudiating such a lordly Rama, even by a fraction of one's own bravery, unless he is prepared to tread that kind of path on which Vali has gone. [4-36-6]

VERSE 7

सीताम् प्राप्स्यति धर्मात्मा वधिष्यति च रावणम्
सहाय मात्रेण मया राघवः स्वेन तेजसा

sītām prāpsyati dharmātmā vadhiṣyati ca rāvaṇam
sahāya mātreṇa mayā rāghavaḥ svena tejasā

SYNONYMS

dharmātmā rāghavaḥ: virtue-souled, Raghava | sahāya mātreṇa mayā = assistance, barely [in name only,] vith me: while I and my assistance remain in name | svena tejasā: by his own, resplendence siitaam praapsyati = Seetha, he acquires | rāvaṇam vadhiṣyati ca: Ravana, he exterminates, also. |

TRANSLATION

"Virtue-souled Raghava reacquires Seetha, and even exterminates Ravana by himself with his own resplendence, while I and my assistance remain only in name. [4-36-7]

VERSE 8

सहाय कृत्यम् किम् तस्य येन सप्त महाद्रुमाः
शैलः च वसुधा चैव बाणेन एकेन दारिताः

sahāya kṛtyam kim tasya yena sapta mahādrumāḥ
śailaḥ ca vasudhā caiva bāṇena ekena dāritāḥ

SYNONYMS

yena: by whom | sapta mahā drumāḥ: seven, gigantic-trees | śailaḥ ca: mountain, even | vasudhā caiva: earth, also thus | ekena bāṇena dāritāḥ: with one, arrow, ripped | tasya: to him | sahāya kṛtyam kim = succour, measures, vhy: why extending help. |

TRANSLATION

"Basically, why some measures of succour need be extended to him who has ripped seven gigantic-trees, a mountain, and even the earth, all just with one arrow! [4-36-8]

VERSE 9

धनुर् विस्फारमाणस्य यस्य शब्देन लक्ष्मण
स शैला कम्पिता भूमिः सहायैः किम् नु तस्य वै

dhanur visphāramāṇasya yasya śabdena lakṣmaṇa
sa śailā kampitā bhūmiḥ sahāyaiḥ kim nu tasya vai

SYNONYMS

lakṣmaṇa: oh, Lakshmana | dhanuḥ visphāramāṇasya: bow, to one who is outstretching it | yasya = vhose: Rama's | śabdena: by clangour [of bowstring that ensues] | sa śailā bhūmiḥ kampitā: with, mountains, earth, quaked | tasya sahāyaiḥ kim nu vai: to him, with aides, what, really [is the use,] verily. |

TRANSLATION

"He who outstretches his bow with a clangour by which the earth with its mountains quakes, oh, Lakshmana, to him these aides are really of what aid, indeed! [4-36-9]

VERSE 10

अनुयात्राम् नर इन्द्रस्य करिष्ये अहम् नरषभ
गच्छतो रावणम् हन्तुम् वैरिणम् स पुरःसरम्

anuyātrām nara indrasya kariṣye aham naraṣabha
gacchato rāvaṇam hantum vairiṇam sa puraḥsaram

SYNONYMS

narar ṣabha: O, best among men [Lakshmana] | sa puraḥsaram: along with, vanguards [of Ravana] | vairiṇam rāvaṇam: enemy, Ravana | hantum gacchataḥ: to eliminate, he who is going [charging of Rama] | nara indrasya: of people's, king [Rama] | aham: I | anu yātrām kariṣye = behind, treading, ī can do: I will just follow Rama. |

TRANSLATION

"Lakshmana, I just can tread behind that king of people, Rama, on his charging to eliminate enemy Ravana along with all of his vanguards, that's all. [4-36-10]

VERSE 11

यदि किंचित् अतिक्रान्तम् विश्वासात् प्रणयेन वा
प्रेष्यस्य क्षमितव्यम् मे न कश्चिन् न अपराध्यति

yadi kiṃcit atikrāntam viśvāsāt praṇayena vā
preṣyasya kṣamitavyam me na kaścin na aparādhyati

SYNONYMS

viśvāsāt: either by faithfulness | praṇayena vā: in friendliness, or | kimcit ati krāntam yadi: a little, over, stepped, if | preṣyasya: one who moves under another's will [messenger, attendant] | me: mine [that fault, if any] | kṣamitavyam: it is to be pardoned | kaścit na aparādhyati na [kascit na aparādhyati iti na]: someone, not, causes offence [offender, thus, not there |

TRANSLATION

"If I have overstepped either in faith or friendliness, in the least, that may be pardoned for I am an attendant of yours. By the way, none is unoffending. [4-36-11]

PURPORT

As to why and how the offence of one's own folk is to be pardoned, is explained. kimcit 'in the least...' if the fault is very negligible it is to be excused, for greater the intensity of the mistake, greater will be the impossibility to pardon, and to my mind it appears that I have not committed any fault in the least. yadi 'if at all...' any fault is there, now there is none at all, but if you think there is a trace of if, you pardon it. vishvaasaat 'by faith...' taking the advantage of the faith you reposed in me, I have not done any wrong. praNayena 'in friendliness...' taking our friendship as a casual connection and thinking that Rama will not harm me even if were to do whatever I like... even thus I have not offended. preSyasya 'moved by my will...' I have not committed any crime manasaa, vacaa, karmaNaa 'by mind, speech and action... or, by body, mind and soul...' But if you still estimate that I have offended you, you ought to pardon for I am yours, and if you go on punishing your own folk for very small reasons, who is there that is not a wrongdoer, whom do you leave off, and at the end who are they that remain to be protected by you?' Seetha also says 'who is there that causes no offence?' in Sundara Kanda.
VERSE 12

इति तस्य ब्रुवाणस्य सुग्रीवस्य महात्मनः
अभवत् लक्ष्मणः प्रीतः प्रेम्णा च इदम् उवाच ह

iti tasya bruvāṇasya sugrīvasya mahātmanaḥ
abhavat lakṣmaṇaḥ prītaḥ premṇā ca idam uvāca ha

SYNONYMS

mahā ātmanaḥ tasya sugrīvasya: great-souled one, his, of Sugreeva | iti bruvāṇasya: in this way, while speaking | lakṣmaṇaḥ prītaḥ abhavat: Lakshmana, pleased, he became | premṇā idam uvāca ha: with friendliness, this, said, indeed. |

TRANSLATION

Lakshmana is pleased with that great-souled Sugreeva who is speaking thus, and said this he said to him, indeed, in friendliness. [4-36-12]

VERSE 13

सर्वथा हि मम भ्राता स नाथो वानरेश्वर
त्वया नाथेन सुग्रीव प्रश्रितेन विशेषतः

sarvathā hi mama bhrātā sa nātho vānareśvara
tvayā nāthena sugrīva praśritena viśeṣataḥ

SYNONYMS

vānar eśvara: O, king of Vaanaras | sugrīva: O, Sugreeva | nāthena: with defender [of his own word] | viśeṣataḥ praśritena tvayā: especially, humble one, with you | mama bhrātā: my, brother | sarvathā: in anyway | sa nāthaḥ: is together with, a defender | hi: indeed. |

TRANSLATION

"In anyway, my brother indeed has a defender with him, oh, king of vanara-s Sugreeva, especially you, who are a defender of your own word and a deferential one towards Rama. [4-36-13]

VERSE 14

यः ते प्रभावः सुग्रीव यत् च ते शौचम् ईदृशम्
अर्हः तम् कपि राज्यस्य श्रियम् भोक्तुम् अनुत्तमाम्

yaḥ te prabhāvaḥ sugrīva yat ca te śaucam īdṛśam
arhaḥ tam kapi rājyasya śriyam bhoktum anuttamām

SYNONYMS

sugrīva: Sugreeva | te yaḥ prabhāvaḥ = your, vhic, preponderance: is there | īdṛśam yat te śaucam ca: this kind of, which, your, purity [plainness,] also | tam = that: [tvam = you] | kapi rājyasya: of monkey, kingdom's | anuttamām śriyam bhoktum: unexcelled, prosperity of Kishkindha, to enjoy | arhaḥ: you are fitly. |

TRANSLATION

"With this kind of preponderance and plainness you possess, Sugreeva, you are the only merited one to enjoy this unexcelled kingdom of monkeys. [4-36-14]

VERSE 15

सहायेन च सुग्रीव त्वया रामः प्रतापवान्
वधिष्यति रणे शत्रून् अचिरात् न अत्र संशयः

sahāyena ca sugrīva tvayā rāmaḥ pratāpavān
vadhiṣyati raṇe śatrūn acirāt na atra saṃśayaḥ

SYNONYMS

sugrīva: oh, Sugreeva | sahāyena tvayā: as his supporter, with you | pratāpavān rāmaḥ: undaunted, Rama | acirāt: before long | vadhiṣyati: will eliminate | atra samśayaḥ na: therein, doubt, is not there. |

TRANSLATION

"Before long, Sugreeva, dauntless Rama will be eliminating enemies in a war with you as his supporter, there is no doubt about it. [4-36-15]

VERSE 16

धर्मज्ञस्य कृतज्ञस्य संग्रामेषु अनिवर्तिनः
उपपन्नम् च युक्तम् च सुग्रीव तव भाषितम्

dharmajñasya kṛtajñasya saṃgrāmeṣu anivartinaḥ
upapannam ca yuktam ca sugrīva tava bhāṣitam

SYNONYMS

sugrīva: oh, Sugreeva | dharmajñasya kṛtajñasya: virtue-knower, gratitude-knower | sangrāmeṣu a ni vartinaḥ: in battlegrounds, not, back, going [un-retreating one] | tava bhāṣitam: your, spoken word | upapannam ca yuktam ca: conclusive, also, coherent, also. |

TRANSLATION

"You are the knower of virtuousness and gratefulness and you do not retreat from battlegrounds, or, on your own word, thus what you have said is conclusive as well as coherent. [4-36-16]

VERSE 17

दोषज्ञः सति सामर्थ्ये को अन्यो भाषितुम् अर्हति
वर्जयित्वा मम ज्येष्ठम् त्वाम् च वानर सत्तम

doṣajñaḥ sati sāmarthye ko anyo bhāṣitum arhati
varjayitvā mama jyeṣṭham tvām ca vānara sattama

SYNONYMS

vānara sattama: among Vanara-s, oh, ablest one | mama jyeṣṭham: my, elder [brother] | tvām ca: you, also | varjayitvā: leaving alone | anyaḥ: other one | kaḥ sāmarthye sati: whoever, having capability, that being so | doṣa jñaḥ: [one's own] lapse, knower | bhāṣitum arhati: to speak, it behoves him. |

TRANSLATION

"Even though one has capability to know his own lapse and speak it up, oh, ablest among Vanara-s, who is he that behoves outspokenly, excepting my elder brother and you. [4-36-17]

VERSE 18

सदृशः च असि रामस्य विक्रमेण बलेन च
सहायो दैवतैः दत्तः चिराय हरि पुंगव

sadṛśaḥ ca asi rāmasya vikrameṇa balena ca
sahāyo daivataiḥ dattaḥ cirāya hari puṃgava

SYNONYMS

hari pungava: oh, monkey, the best | daivataiḥ cirāya dattaḥ = by gods, after a long time, [you are] given: godsend | sahāyaḥ: aide | vikrameṇa balena ca: by [your] valour, vigour, also | rāmasya sadṛśaḥ asi: to Rama, a coequal, you are. |

TRANSLATION

"You are a coequal to Rama by your valour and vigour and oh, best one among monkeys, gods have given you after a long time. [4-36-18]

PURPORT

The godsend and God-given has some discussion, where mythological import is that these Vanara-s are God-given and they existed even before the birth of Rama as Brahma ordered all gods to their progeniture. But Lakshmana is saying that Sugreeva is godsend gift and that too after a long time of their searching for Seetha, as thy have come searching for Sugreeva according to the advise of demon Kabandha.
VERSE 19

किम् तु शीघ्रम् इतो वीर निष्क्राम त्वम् मया सह
सान्त्वयस्व वयस्यम् च भार्या हरण दुःखितम्

kim tu śīghram ito vīra niṣkrāma tvam mayā saha
sāntvayasva vayasyam ca bhāryā haraṇa duḥkhitam

SYNONYMS

kim tu: however, but | vīra: oh, brave one | tvam mayā saha: you, me, along with | itaḥ śīghram niṣkrāma: from here, quickly, start | bhāryā haraṇa duḥkhitam: by wife's, despoil, anguishing | vayasyam sāntvayasva ca: your friend, embolden, also. |

TRANSLATION

"However, you quickly start from here along with me, oh, brave one, and embolden your friend who is anguishing in the despoilment of his wife. [4-36-19]

VERSE 20

इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये किष्किन्ध काण्डे षट् त्रिंशः सर्गः

iti vālmīki rāmāyaṇe ādi kāvye kiṣkindha kāṇḍe ṣaṭ triṃśaḥ sargaḥ

SYNONYMS

sakhe: oh, friend | śoka abhibhūtasya rāmasya: by anguish, downhearted, of Rama | bhāṣitam śrutvā: that which spoken, on hearing | mayā: by me | tvam: you are [spoken to harshly] | paruṣāṇi uktaḥ: bitter-words, you are spoken to by me | [ iti yat: that which topic is there] | tat: that topic | kśamasva: that may be pardoned. |

TRANSLATION

"Oh, friend, on hearing that which querulously spoken by Rama, who is downhearted in his anguish, I too reflexively spoke bitter-words to you, and thus whatever I spoke that may be pardoned. [4-36-20]

PURPORT

This expression has detailed commentary insofar as the man-god relation. ucyamaano api paruSam na uttaram prati padyate 'though harsh words are spoken to Rama he does not rebut them...' This is evident when Khara, Duushana, Trishira, Vali, and other opponents confronted Rama. But here Rama querulously spoke of Sugreeva before despatching Lakshmana to Sugreeva. Because Sugreeva is his own adherent and such adherents to duty should not sidetrack themselves into earthly matters when an incredible mission is to be completed by them. That is why Rama came searching for Sugreeva alone basing of the information given by Kabandha. If 'to err is human...' but 'to realize that error and making amends to it is divine...' That is what Sugreeva has done, at the suggestion of Hanuma, saying that: 'You pay deference to him with your forehead-bent...' as at 4-32-21. Sugreeva openly comes out to declare, 'who is he that does not err?' but he equally has the courage to accept what is amiss with him. From this it is concluded, that even if one does wrong, or sins, if he repentantly seeks pardon, his god, any god chosen by that devotee, will pardon him. This is the a kimcinatva 'selflessness in the least...' This is one among the many tenets of sharaNaagati 'dedication...' and this dedication is by manasaa, vacaa, karmaNaa 'by mind, speech and action... or, by body, mind and soul...' That is why Sugreeva says that he has not wronged by vishvaasaat, praNayena, preSyasya i.e., by body, mind or soul... so I am a true dedicate. Then it may be asked as to why Lakshmana is enraged at Sugreeva. This is replied in two fold, 1] unable to see his brother's anguish Lakshmana vented out his ire; 2] Lakshmana being a total dedicate he wanted to reprimand the new dedicate Sugreeva and save him from his fickle-mindedness. That is why Lakshmana says sorry for what he has uttered in ire, earlier to the assertion of Sugreeva of his faithfulness. He asks Sugreeva to come to Rama, not to console Rama, but to embolden Rama saying that there is a real adherent in Sugreeva.