Valmiki Ramayana - Chapter 54

Chapter 54

Aranya Kanda - Book Of Forest

ह्रियमाणा तु वैदेही कंचित् नाथम् अपश्यती
ददर्श गिरि शृंगस्थान् पंच वानर पुंगवान्

hriyamāṇā tu vaidehī kaṃcit nātham apaśyatī
dadarśa giri śṛṃgasthān paṃca vānara puṃgavān

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Vaidehi has not seen any rescuer while she is abducted, but she has seen five prominent vanara-s staying on a mountaintop. [3-54-1]

VERSE 2

तेषाम् मध्ये विशालाक्षी कौशेयम् कनक प्रभम्
उत्तरीयम् वरारोहा शुभानि आभरणानि च

teṣām madhye viśālākṣī kauśeyam kanaka prabham
uttarīyam varārohā śubhāni ābharaṇāni ca

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

That broad-eyed and curvaceous lady with resentment Seetha, inwrapping her auspicious ornaments in the upper-fringe of her sari, dropped in the midmost of those five Vanara-s with a thinking that 'these creatures may perhaps indicate them to Rama.' [3-54-2, 3a]

PURPORT

Some say that Seetha shore her upper cloth and bundled the ornaments while some others say that whole of the upper cloth was dropped. The Indian sari worn by those women of yore was in a different fashion, where they wore sari like the present day dhoti with pleated back stuffing like men, but they also used an upper cloth enough to cover their busts. A three-piece dress is a must, either to man or a woman in Indian style. It comprises of a loincloth dhoti or sari, and a shirt-like or a jacket-like bust cover, and an upper-cloth to hang on the shoulder to men or to muffle the bust for women. So some say the whole of upper cloth of Seetha is dropped bundled with ornaments.

VERSE 3

वस्त्रम् उत्सृज्य तन् मध्ये विनिक्षिप्तम् स भूषणम्

vastram utsṛjya tan madhye vinikṣiptam sa bhūṣaṇam

SYNONYMS

b, 4a| saha bhūṣaṇam vastram: along with, ornaments, upper cloth | utsṛjya: up, whipping | tan madhye: those [five vanara-s,] amongst | vi nikṣiptam = vhic is verily [carefully,] stoved avay: that bundle | saḥ daśagrīvaḥ tu: he, Decahedron, on his part | sambhramāt: owing to his hurry | tat karma na buddhvān: that, deed, not, noticed [unbothered.] |

TRANSLATION

On his part that Decahedron Ravana has not noticed her action in whipping up her silky upper-cloth and ornaments, their bundling and stowing away at five vanara-s, owing to his own hurry. [3-54-3]

PURPORT

Ravana is in his own hurry because Rama may have heard the wailing of Seetha and thus may be chasing him, or will chase his shortly. He bothers like this until he crosses the ocean and enters his city-state Lanka. There he is absolutely secured. Until such time his 'mousy thievishness' haunts him. But Seetha is on his flank and under his arm, her trunk turned against his. Then she shortly saw the oddish Vanara-s, who look unlike ordinary monkeys, but with some presumably pro-human and non-demonic features, yet monkeyish with some regality, and then she quickly plucked off her ornaments and upcast her upper-cloth, and hastily but carefully, bundled her jewellery and downcast that bundle at them. These ornaments are said to be one nosering, one earring, one bracelet, one biceps-let, one anklet with tinkling bells - all from her right side - because showing ornaments/items worn on left-side to husband is held improper. The anklet that has fallen from her leg on earth, in earlier chapters, is from her left leg.

VERSE 4

पिंगाक्षाः ताम् विशालाक्षीम् नेत्रैः अनिमिषैः इव

piṃgākṣāḥ tām viśālākṣīm netraiḥ animiṣaiḥ iva

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Those ochreish-eyed best Vanara-s with their unwinking eyes have observed the broad-eyed Seetha, who at that time is verily wailing. [3-54-4b, 5a]

PURPORT

The 'wink-less-ness' is the property of celestials, thus the vanara-s saw with wink-less eyes with their wide-eyed amazement. Here the Vanara-s are said to be bulishly impetuous beings and if so, could they not have averted or countered Ravana - will be the question. It is a regular scene for them to see this skywalker demon to carry off such goddess like ladies and they have seen many women thus carried off. But this particular one is appearing to be somewhat different, more over she is repeatedly calling for some 'Rama...' and she is wriggling in that demon's capture. They know this demon to be Ravana and they even know of the alliance of Ravana with Vali. If these handfuls of vanara-s dare Ravana, they die at the hands of Ravana instead at the hand of Vali. Hence, they remained silent spectators to save themselves. This is why Sugreeva did not indicate the way Seetha in which was abducted by 'some' demon, to Rama, in Kishkindha, when they firstly met.

VERSE 5

स च पंपाम् अतिक्रम्य लंकाम् अभिमुखः पुरीम्

sa ca paṃpām atikramya laṃkām abhimukhaḥ purīm

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

The chief of demons Ravana captivating Maithili, who is still wailing, has crossed the Pampa region down underneath and advanced facing the City of Lanka. [3-54-5b, 6a]

PURPORT

So far Ravana's travel is proceeding with his looking backward, sideward, and frontward, expecting any attack from anywhere, as this Dandaka or Janasthaana are his frontiers for operation but not the areas of his stronghold. And when once these areas are crossed reaching Pampa, there is no more self-confessed fear.

VERSE 6

ताम् जहार सुसंहृष्टो रावणो मृत्युम् आत्मनः

tām jahāra susaṃhṛṣṭo rāvaṇo mṛtyum ātmanaḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Ravana is jubilantly happy in stealing his own death alias Seetha, as one would carry a stingingly fanged and lethally venomous she-snake in his own lap. [3-54-6b, 7a]

VERSE 7

वनानि सरितः शैलान् सरांसि च विहायसा

vanāni saritaḥ śailān sarāṃsi ca vihāyasā

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

He bolted out in skyway up above the woodlands, waterways, pools, and mountains at the double, as with an arrow bolting from a bow. [3-4-7b, 8a]

VERSE 8

तिमि नक्र निकेतम् तु वरुण आलयम् अक्षयम्

timi nakra niketam tu varuṇa ālayam akṣayam

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

On reaching the ocean, a housing for sharks, alligators, a home of Rain-god, a never-draining deep and an ultimate course of the rivers, he hastily crossed it over. [3-54-8b, 9a]

VERSE 9

संभ्रमात् परिवृत्त ऊर्मी रुद्ध मीन महोरगः

saṃbhramāt parivṛtta ūrmī ruddha mīna mahoragaḥ

SYNONYMS

b, 10a| vaidehyām hriyamāṇāyām: of Vaidehi, being abducted | varuṇa ālayaḥ: Rain-god's, abode [ocean] | sambhramāt: by high flustering | parivṛtta ūrmī: topsy-turvy, waves | ruddha mina mahā uragaḥ: deterred [stopped hesitantly, shilly-shally] fishes, great, [water] snakes [marine reptiles] | babhūva: became. |

TRANSLATION

That ocean being the abode of Rain-god is highly flustered when Vaidehi is being abducted over it, and its waves became topsy-turvy and its fishes and great marine-reptiles remained shilly-shally. [3-54-9b, 10a]

VERSE 10

अन्तरिक्ष गता वाचः ससृजुः चारणाः तदा

antarikṣa gatā vācaḥ sasṛjuḥ cāraṇāḥ tadā

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Then the siddha-s and caarana-s available in airspace averred saying, "this alone is the end of Decahedron Ravana." [3-54-10b, 11a]

VERSE 11

स तु सीताम् विचेष्टन्तीम् अंकेन आदाय रावणः

sa tu sītām viceṣṭantīm aṃkena ādāya rāvaṇaḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Ravana entered the city of Lanka transporting Seetha, while she wriggling in his flank, who appeared like the personified death of Ravana wriggling its way into his Lanka. [3-54-11b, 12a]

VERSE 12

ओर्

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

On going towards the city Lanka that has well-symmetrized roadways, then he entered his own palace-chambers which is with very many doors and chambers thronging with crowds. On going towards the city Lanka that has well-symmetrized roadways, he then entered his own palace chambers in which royal servants are thronging at many doorways as that palace has very many chambers. [3-54-12b, 13a]

VERSE 13

ओर्

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Ravana placed down Seetha whose eyelashes are blackish and who is deep in bewilderment caused by whimpering, therein his palace chambers, as demon Maya once kept his lady-love, a nymphet called Hema, in a demonic Black Hole. Ravana placed down Seetha whose eyelashes are blackish and who is deep in bewilderment caused by whimpering, therein his palace chambers, as demon Maya kept his demonic power in a Black Hole. Ravana placed down Seetha whose eyelashes are blackish and who is deep in bewilderment caused by whimpering, therein his palace chambers, as demon Maya had once kept al his demonic scriptures duly usurping them from his own mentor, namely Shukracaarya, at an unknown illusory place. [3-54-13b, 14a]

PURPORT

This verse has some divergences from the viewpoints of commentators. Govindaraja's text uses maayaam iva striyam while Tilaka uses mayaH maayaam iva aasuriim thereby the word 'aasurriim...' suggests that Ravana brought a maayaa siita 'an illusory Seetha...' instead of original Seetha, which original Seetha is said to have been in safe keeping of Ritual-fire until the elimination of Ravana, and comes out of the same Ritual-fire after the elimination of Ravana. A very big controversy surrounds this statement and whole of the auxiliary Ramayana-s are brought in, along with puraaNa-s, which substantiate this riddler, maayaa siita. As it is, we do not find that much debatable aspect in Valmiki Ramayana, if the statement that 'Ravana placed Seetha in an unapproachable Black Hole like Lanka, as Maya once placed Hema in an unapproachable underground Black Hole...' is taken up. This episode of demon Maya-Hema occurs in Kishkindha, Ch. 51, which may please be referred. Then it suffices to satisfy the verbiage of aasuriim , when the analogy of 1] Lanka of Ravana and R^iksha bila, 'Black Hole' of Maya, both being the constructions of artifice, and again between 2] Maya, the demon and Ravana, the demon, [that too, the eliminable demons,] 3] nymphet Hema and nymphal Seetha, [the causative factors for elimination,] and the actual eliminators Indra and Rama, is taken into consideration. The eyes of Seetha are said to be blackish at their ends. This is not mascara or something like a makeup article. The eyelashes are longish like those of celestials, so as to give a blackish orb around her eyeball and because she is now ceaselessly shedding tears, these eyelashes are tear-wet and slanted edge-ward to give a blackish shade at the end of her eyes.

VERSE 14

अब्रवीत् च दशग्रीवः पिशाचीः घोर दर्शनाः

abravīt ca daśagrīvaḥ piśācīḥ ghora darśanāḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

That Decahedron Ravana also instructed the bogey-sightly bogeywomen, "your watch and ward shall be in such a way that neither a female nor a male can see Seetha impermissibly." [3-54-14b, 15a]

VERSE 15

मुक्ता मणि सुवर्णानि वस्त्राणि आभरणानि च

muktā maṇi suvarṇāni vastrāṇi ābharaṇāni ca

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

"Whatever she wishes to have, gold, jewels, pearls, apparels or adornments, they all be given to her as you would give me according to my whimsies. [3-54-15b, 16a]

VERSE 16

या च वक्ष्यति वैदेहीम् वचनम् किंचित् अप्रियम्

yā ca vakṣyati vaidehīm vacanam kiṃcit apriyam

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

"Whosoever speaks unpleasant words to Vaidehi in the least, either unknowingly or knowingly, her life becomes unpleasant for herself." Thus Ravana ordered the chamber-demonesses. [3-54-16b, 17a]

VERSE 17

तथा उक्त्वा राक्षसीः ताः तु राक्षसेन्द्रः प्रतापवान्

tathā uktvā rākṣasīḥ tāḥ tu rākṣasendraḥ pratāpavān

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

On speaking to those demonesses thus that chief of demons exited from that palace chamber, and giving a thought to what is to be done in sequel, then he gave audience to eight highly vigorous demons, the feasters on raw-flesh. [3-54-17b, 18]

VERSE 19

स तान् दृष्ट्वा महावीर्यो वर दानेन मोहितः
उवाच तान् इदम् वाक्यम् प्रशस्य बल वीर्यतः

sa tān dṛṣṭvā mahāvīryo vara dānena mohitaḥ
uvāca tān idam vākyam praśasya bala vīryataḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

He who is egocentric by the boon awarded by Brahma for his invincibleness, that Ravana on giving an audience to those eight demons spoke this sentence to them praiseful of their might and valour. [3-54-19]

VERSE 20

नाना प्रहरणाः क्षिप्रम् इतो गच्छत सत्वराः
जनस्थानम् हत स्थानम् भूत पूर्वम् खर आलयम्

nānā praharaṇāḥ kṣipram ito gacchata satvarāḥ
janasthānam hata sthānam bhūta pūrvam khara ālayam

SYNONYMS

nānā pra haraṇāḥ [gṛhītvā ]: multiple, highly, assaultive weaponry [on taking] | sa tvarāḥ = vith, haste: speedily | itaḥ kṣipram: from here, immediately | hata sthānam: [demons] killed, place of [a deadpanned place of demons] | khara ālayam: Khara's, abode [placement] | bhūta pūrvam: which was, earlier | janasthānam: to Janasthaana | gacchata: begone. |

TRANSLATION

"You immediately take up multiple assaultive weaponry and begone from here to Janasthaana speedily, a place now deadpanned for demons, which earlier was the placement of Khara. [3-54-20]

VERSE 21

तत्र उष्यताम् जनस्थाने शून्ये निहत राक्षसे
पौरुषम् बलम् आश्रित्य त्रासम् उत्सृज्य दूरतः

tatra uṣyatām janasthāne śūnye nihata rākṣase
pauruṣam balam āśritya trāsam utsṛjya dūrataḥ

SYNONYMS

pauruṣam balam āśritya: [your own] self-assurance, self-confidence, depending on | trāsam dūrataḥ utsṛjya: fright, faraway, throwaway | nihata rākṣase = killed, demons: where demons are killed | śūnye: fell void | tatra janasthāne: there, in Janasthaana | uṣyatām: you stay. |

TRANSLATION

"Throwaway your fright faraway and you stay in that Janasthaana which fell void as the demons are voided by someone called Rama, and there you shall stay self-assuredly and self-confidently. [3-54-21]

PURPORT

Then those eight demons may as, 'when these many leading warriors and commanders are there why we eight are picked and chosen?' for this Ravana is saying 'you eight are self-assured and self-confident and can to mete out any assault on our race...' and again they may hesitate as to 'why we should depend on our own personal strengths...' for that Ravana is saying 'a still mightier Dushana, still mightiest Khara are eliminated... thus you perk up your sprites, personally...'

VERSE 22

बहु सैन्यम् महावीर्यम् जनस्थाने निवेशितम्
स दूषण खरम् युद्धे निहतम् राम सायकैः

bahu sainyam mahāvīryam janasthāne niveśitam
sa dūṣaṇa kharam yuddhe nihatam rāma sāyakaiḥ

SYNONYMS

mahāvīryam bahu sainyam: highly forceful, many, forces | janasthāne niveśitam: in Janasthaana, [though] deployed | rāma sāyakaiḥ: Rama, by [his] arrows | yuddhe nihatam: in combat, utterly destroyed | sa dūṣaṇa kharam: along with, Duushana, Khara. |

TRANSLATION

"Though highly forceful forces are deployed in Janasthaana, Rama's arrows have utterly destroyed them, together with Khara and Duushana. [3-54-22]

PURPORT

Expecting another enquiry from them as, 'when such mighty, mightier, and mightiest demons are dead at the hand of a lonely Rama, do you wish us also die in the same way?' and to them Ravana is saying 'you are the next best in line of order of military, hence it is your turn to assume command, as committed soldiers, as I am at loggerheads with Rama...' Ravana follows such 'order of priorities' in warring scrupulously and we chance to meet them in Yuddha Kanda, canto of Great War.

VERSE 23

ततः क्रोधो मम अपूर्वो धैर्यस्य उपरि वर्धते
वैरम् च सुमहत् जातम् रामम् प्रति सुदारुणम्

tataḥ krodho mama apūrvo dhairyasya upari vardhate
vairam ca sumahat jātam rāmam prati sudāruṇam

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

"Thereby an unprecedented fury is escalating over and above my courage, and an unhindered and unforgivable animosity towards that Rama is evoked in me. [3-54-23]

PURPORT

Then the eight commandant demons may say 'what if, let all of us wage a war and end him up...' for that Ravana is saying suggestively that 'my fury is hovering over my courage... thus fury alone is scaling up, while courage is scaling down... as I came to know that only one was warring against fourteen thousand demons and eliminated all... thus we cannot wage large scale war overtly when our courage is lessening... but we can covertly do some kind of harm... hence, you go there and undertake any kind of activity that will be harmful to that Rama... as I am uncourageous and uncomfortable, as of now...'

VERSE 24

निर्यातयितुम् इच्छामि तत् च वैरम् अहम् रिपोः
न हि लप्स्यामि अहम् निद्राम् अहत्वा संयुगे रिपुम्

niryātayitum icchāmi tat ca vairam aham ripoḥ
na hi lapsyāmi aham nidrām ahatvā saṃyuge ripum

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

"I wish to cast out my begrudging against my enemy who bears a grudge against me, and indeed, to me 'sleep' is not the word for it, until my enemy is undone in a war. [3-54-24]

PURPORT

By an enforced enmity one's own sleep vanishes as he will always be wakeful of his enemy, for he who has purchased enmity is a weakling and worthless to confront... vidura niiti: Maha Bharata, Udyoga parve: anena balavad virodhino nidraa na bhaviShyati iti suucitam | tathaa ca udyoge viduraH - ayuktam balavataa durbalam hiina saadhanam | hR^ita svam kaaminam coram aavishanti pra jaagaraaH || - dk

VERSE 25

तम् तु इदानीम् अहम् हत्वा खर दूषण घातिनम्
रामम् शर्म उपलप्स्यामि धनम् लब्ध्वा इव निर्धनः

tam tu idānīm aham hatvā khara dūṣaṇa ghātinam
rāmam śarma upalapsyāmi dhanam labdhvā iva nirdhanaḥ

SYNONYMS

aham idānīm = ī, nov: I for myself | khara dūṣaṇa ghātinam: Khara, Duushana, killer of | tam rāmam hatvā: him, Rama, on eliminating | [yadi: if I can kill him] | nir dhanaḥ = not, a ric one: pauper | dhanam labdhvā iva: riches, on acquiring, as with | śarma upalapsyāmi: peace [comfortableness,] I acquire. |

TRANSLATION

"I for myself will be comfortable only on eliminating him who has eliminated Khara and Duushana as with a pauper acquiring riches. [3-54-25]

VERSE 26

जनस्थाने वसद्भिः तु भवद्भिः रामम् आश्रिता
प्रवृत्तिः उपनेतव्या किम् करोति इति तत्त्वतः

janasthāne vasadbhiḥ tu bhavadbhiḥ rāmam āśritā
pravṛttiḥ upanetavyā kim karoti iti tattvataḥ

SYNONYMS

janasthāne vasadbhiḥ: in Janasthaana, while you remain | bhavadbhiḥ: by you | kim karoti iti: what, [he] does, thus | rāmam āśritā pravṛttiḥ = of on ṟama, dependant, deportment: how he deports himself | tattvataḥ upanetavyā: accurately, be brought [to me.] |

TRANSLATION

"While you remain in Janasthaana you have to accurately bring me the information about Rama's activities and deportment. [3-54-26]

VERSE 27

अप्रमादात् च गंतव्यम् सर्वैः एव निशाचरैः
कर्तव्यः च सदा यत्नो राघवस्य वधम् प्रति

apramādāt ca gaṃtavyam sarvaiḥ eva niśācaraiḥ
kartavyaḥ ca sadā yatno rāghavasya vadham prati

SYNONYMS

niśācaraiḥ sarvaiḥ eva: by night-walkers, by all [of you,] thus | a pramādāt gantavyam: not, heedlessly, you have to go [there] | rāghavasya vadham prati: Raghava's, killing, apropos | sadā yatnaḥ kartavyaḥ ca: continually, [every] trial, is doable [conceivable,] also. |

TRANSLATION

"Do not go heedlessly, you all night-walkers, for that Rama appears to be too dangerous, and on your going there heedfully, you have to continually try for the elimination of that Raghava. [3-54-27]

VERSE 28

युष्माकम् तु बलम् ज्ञातम् बहुशो रण मूर्धनि
अतः तु अस्मिन् जनस्थाने मया यूयम् नियोजिताः

yuṣmākam tu balam jñātam bahuśo raṇa mūrdhani
ataḥ tu asmin janasthāne mayā yūyam niyojitāḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

"I am aware of your might in battle fronts for a number of times, as such I have commissioned you all in that Janasthaana." Thus Ravana spoke to those eight demons. [3-54-28]

VERSE 29

ततः प्रियम् वाक्यम् उपेत्य राक्षसा
महाअर्थम् अष्टौ अभिवाद्य रावणम्
विहाय लंकाम् सहिताः प्रतस्थिरे
यतो जनस्थानम् अलक्ष्य दर्शनाः

tataḥ priyam vākyam upetya rākṣasā
mahāartham aṣṭau abhivādya rāvaṇam
vihāya laṃkām sahitāḥ pratasthire
yato janasthānam alakṣya darśanāḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Then on picking up those words amiable to all intents and purposes of Ravana, those eight demons departed from Lanka on hailing Ravana, and they collectively journeyed in the direction of Janasthaana with their imperceivable appearances. [3-54-29]

VERSE 30

इति वाल्मीकि रामायणे आदि काव्ये अरण्य काण्डे चतुः पंचाशः सर्गः

iti vālmīki rāmāyaṇe ādi kāvye araṇya kāṇḍe catuḥ paṃcāśaḥ sargaḥ

SYNONYMS

TRANSLATION

Ravana is then highly gladdened well and truly on gaining over Seetha, and even for holding sway over that Maithili, and equally for the well-wrought and archly animosity with Rama, whereby that demon Ravana is hypocritically amused. [3-54-30]

PURPORT

The wording in this verse mohaat mudiataH sa raakshasaH together with the word hR^iSTaH raavaNaH at verse 6, is discussed by commentators stating that he is self-conceitedly and hypocritically lost in his own hallucinations of possessing Seetha. Tilaka commentary says that bringing Seetha to Lanka is a villainous act but not with an iota of reverence to her, when elucidating verse 1 of next chapter where it contains: aatmaanam buddhi vaiklbyaat kR^ita kR^ityam amanyata... 'he believed in his own self that he achieved a great feat, as his brain gone astray foolishly...' But the poet also says proximately that he is amused in gaining an archenemy's animosity, i.e. that of Rama. It is therefore said that he is happy as his release from his accursed demon-hood is set to happen soon, as he achieved the abduction of Seetha, thus paved way for Rama to come to Lanka to release him from his accursed being. This is supported by the statement in verse that Ravana's words have some mahaa artham 'words with allusion, or secret message' to Rama perhaps, as at verse 29. If Lanka is a body, it embodies pleasure seeking traits seated in manas 'pleasuring heart...' along with an 'ever witnessing soul...' called saakshi buuta aatma . Along with the release of captivated soul, called Seetha, this pleasure seeking manas 'heart' also gets released. And the releaser or the deliverer is Rama, and hence Ravana is happy.