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BG 18.41

ब्राह्मणक्षत्रियविशां शूद्राणां च परन्तप
कर्माणि प्रविभक्तानि स्वभावप्रभवैर्गुणैः

brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśāṃ
śūdrāṇāṃ ca parantapa
karmāṇi pravibhaktāni
svabhāva-prabhavair guṇaiḥ

SYNONYMS

brāhmaṇa-kṣatriya-viśām: of the Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas | śūdrāṇām: and the Shudras | ca: and | parantapa: O Arjuna | karmāṇi: The duties | pravibhaktāni: are clearly divided | sva-bhāva-prabhavaiḥ: born of their nature | guṇaiḥ: according to Gunas |

TRANSLATION

The duties of the Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras are clearly divided, O Arjuna, according to Gunas, born of their nature.

PURPORT

The nature of Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras are due to their respective inherent dispositions. The meaning is that their past Karma has been the cause of determining births as Brahmanas etc. The Sattva and other Gunas are the result of such Karma. The Sattva-guna is born from the inherent nature of the Brahmana becoming dominant by suppressing the qualities of Rajas and Tamas. The quality of Rajas originates from the inherent nature of the Kshatriya becoming dominant by suppressing qualities of Sattva and Tamas. Tamoguna arises from the inherent nature of the Vaishya, becoming dominant in a little way by suppressing Sattva and Rajas. The duties and works assigned to them according to the Gunas constituting their inherent nature, are expounded and allotted by the Shastras in the order described. For the Shastras analyse that the Brahmanas etc., possess such and such attributes and such and such are their duties and occupations.