‘The ignorant,’ i.e., one devoid of knowledge received through instruction, ‘the faithless’ or one who has no faith in developing this knowledge taught to him, i.e., who does not strive to progress quickly, and ‘the doubting one,’ i.e., one who is full of doubts in regard to the knowledge taught—such persons perish, are lost. When this knowledge taught to him about the real nature of the self is doubted, then he loses this material world as also the next world. The meaning is that the ends of man, such as Dharma, Artha and Kama which constitute the material ends or fulfilments, are not achieved by such a doubting one. How then can man’s supreme end, release be achieved by such a doubting one? For all the ends of human life can be achieved through the actions which are prescribed by the Shastras, but their performance requires the firm conviction that the self is different from the body. Therefore, even a little happiness does not come to the person who has a doubting mind concerning the self.